2037cba7ea5803d091ef613891a80545fe0663abdfee6086ef418ff7eea708ac

General

Target

260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe
Size

615KB
MD5

260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8
SHA1

e385d7f84f1b2a5a6d7dda2e61dd18c680b6f4eb
SHA256

2037cba7ea5803d091ef613891a80545fe0663abdfee6086ef418ff7eea708ac
SHA512

d5561910832fd3950284729134f7d64b8759c8c75b8959ad86622ee8feb875cd0a4c4f15dd0aa64b204f15ac598bd4dbbe6a07093928e2393ad7efe65447e4b1
SSDEEP

12288:X36t+1yCD9OkveZXAUZFuZOcS/2Q6RlYz6m:H6t+1TOfZXAIFunS/2Qlz6m

Score

9^/10

evasion

Malware Config

Signatures

Identifies VirtualBox via ACPI registry values (likely anti-VM) 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

evasion

Query Registry

T1012

Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion

T1497

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\HARDWARE\ACPI\DSDT\VBOX__	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-4018855536-2201274732-320770143-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
992	s5415.exe

Drops desktop.ini file(s) 2 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File created	C:\Windows\assembly\Desktop.ini	s5415.exe
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\assembly\Desktop.ini	s5415.exe

Drops file in Windows directory 3 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\assembly	s5415.exe
File created	C:\Windows\assembly\Desktop.ini	s5415.exe
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\assembly\Desktop.ini	s5415.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Enumerates system info in registry 2 TTPs 2 IoCs

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\BIOS	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\BIOS\SystemManufacturer	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe

Modifies system certificate store 2 TTPs 5 IoCs

evasion spyware trojan

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\91C6D6EE3E8AC86384E548C299295C756C817B81\Blob = 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	s5415.exe
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\91C6D6EE3E8AC86384E548C299295C756C817B81\Blob = 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	s5415.exe
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\91C6D6EE3E8AC86384E548C299295C756C817B81\Blob = 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	s5415.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\91C6D6EE3E8AC86384E548C299295C756C817B81	s5415.exe
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\91C6D6EE3E8AC86384E548C299295C756C817B81\Blob = 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	s5415.exe

Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 5 IoCs

pid	Process
3360	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe
3360	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe
992	s5415.exe
992	s5415.exe
992	s5415.exe

Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	992	s5415.exe

Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx 2 IoCs

pid	Process
992	s5415.exe
992	s5415.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 2 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 3360 wrote to memory of 992	3360	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe	82
PID 3360 wrote to memory of 992	3360	260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe	82

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe"
1⤵
- Identifies VirtualBox via ACPI registry values (likely anti-VM)
- Checks computer location settings
- Enumerates system info in registry
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:3360
- C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\n5415\s5415.exe
  "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\n5415\s5415.exe" 782efa8853c3b0e6a3eba3f6yiMS4rsuC9gRYHkabuVHBUMeYiojq8HaWVyYrQYteCgUujfeb2K3sNiaFojoxzKAX7Mv0gwrve33MN0l2eQFuv35MYZOSG8b/hVZMCXH5tPTSo438TnbxF+ok7wpxgjBIQo1T4bEvtn3IydzkOVa5WXH8mBioviud0nSh638 /v "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\260963c1e91235b813f609be801723a8_JaffaCakes118.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - Drops desktop.ini file(s)
  - Drops file in Windows directory
  - Modifies system certificate store
  - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
  - Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
  - Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx
  PID:992

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v15

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Persistence

Privilege Escalation

Defense Evasion

Modify Registry

1

T1112

Subvert Trust Controls

1

T1553

Install Root Certificate

1

T1553.004

Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion

1

T1497

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

3

T1012

System Information Discovery

3

T1082

Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion

1

T1497

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Replay Monitor

Loading Replay Monitor...

Downloads

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\n5415\s5415.exe

Filesize
220KB

MD5
3bf87e8e1382beefff15a28ab98c21eb

SHA1
2d3caabe7c2e6231fda3537660435b196217eacb

SHA256
ceaea7d02e69c51a591461e6145ee574cf4727168829525762065bbb37a264c1

SHA512
04d3b42b785f23c28f05c6fceea49302501f447345efa80fb3f1069a8fb8af51bdd97b09bf9c0035fa134d94ad8b24a0e33dcd428be800e2de0faca80f14f231

Download Submit
memory/992-12-0x00007FFFFDC75000-0x00007FFFFDC76000-memory.dmp

Filesize
4KB

Download
memory/992-13-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download
memory/992-27-0x000000001B460000-0x000000001B470000-memory.dmp

Filesize
64KB

Download
memory/992-30-0x000000001C290000-0x000000001C75E000-memory.dmp

Filesize
4.8MB

Download
memory/992-31-0x000000001C800000-0x000000001C89C000-memory.dmp

Filesize
624KB

Download
memory/992-32-0x000000001C9B0000-0x000000001CA12000-memory.dmp

Filesize
392KB

Download
memory/992-33-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download
memory/992-34-0x000000001B490000-0x000000001B498000-memory.dmp

Filesize
32KB

Download
memory/992-35-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download
memory/992-36-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download
memory/992-37-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download
memory/992-38-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download
memory/992-39-0x0000000020540000-0x0000000020A4E000-memory.dmp

Filesize
5.1MB

Download
memory/992-40-0x000000001E480000-0x000000001E5BC000-memory.dmp

Filesize
1.2MB

Download
memory/992-42-0x00007FFFFD9C0000-0x00007FFFFE361000-memory.dmp

Filesize
9.6MB

Download

Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v15

Replay Monitor

Loading Replay Monitor...

Downloads