Analysis

  • max time kernel
    150s
  • max time network
    131s
  • platform
    windows7_x64
  • resource
    win7-20240704-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win7-20240704-enlocale:en-usos:windows7-x64system
  • submitted
    25-07-2024 09:54

General

  • Target

    2024-07-25_8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed_poet-rat_snatch_wapomi.exe

  • Size

    8.9MB

  • MD5

    8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed

  • SHA1

    68e53829368abd4f1d23cb531131223881df97f7

  • SHA256

    8b0148744435d6298d2b73fe69019433ca6393e164af4e50709b7dda4b648891

  • SHA512

    9c06084ef75c3fc0e83663c0705c2d6f61c3348a8d89050ce07e322898043e42234887386929a066b85f9459006b62269cd3b17b75920085834dd7b781428eea

  • SSDEEP

    98304:gHxMZDJ1TRpxYVX9u2iazANfLhZytTD5iqa:GxEvYjHzANDhwN

Malware Config

Signatures

  • Glupteba

    Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.

  • Glupteba payload 9 IoCs
  • Windows security bypass 2 TTPs 7 IoCs
  • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit 14 IoCs
  • Drops file in Drivers directory 1 IoCs
  • Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Possible attempt to disable PatchGuard 2 TTPs

    Rootkits can use kernel patching to embed themselves in an operating system.

  • ASPack v2.12-2.42 1 IoCs

    Detects executables packed with ASPack v2.12-2.42

  • Executes dropped EXE 7 IoCs
  • Loads dropped DLL 22 IoCs
  • Windows security modification 2 TTPs 7 IoCs
  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 2 IoCs
  • Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs

    Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.

  • Manipulates WinMon driver. 1 IoCs

    Roottkits write to WinMon to hide PIDs from being detected.

  • Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

    Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

  • Drops file in System32 directory 1 IoCs
  • Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

  • Drops file in Program Files directory 64 IoCs
  • Drops file in Windows directory 3 IoCs
  • Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs

    Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

  • Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

    Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

  • Program crash 1 IoCs
  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 6 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS 64 IoCs
  • Modifies system certificate store 2 TTPs 7 IoCs
  • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver 1 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 3 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 64 IoCs
  • Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs

    The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.

Processes

  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2024-07-25_8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed_poet-rat_snatch_wapomi.exe
    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2024-07-25_8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed_poet-rat_snatch_wapomi.exe"
    1⤵
    • Loads dropped DLL
    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:2824
    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\pCrEUV.exe
      C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\pCrEUV.exe
      2⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • Drops file in Program Files directory
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:2740
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
        cmd /c ""C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\6d0440eb.bat" "
        3⤵
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        PID:2532
    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2024-07-25_8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed_poet-rat_snatch_wapomi.exe
      "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2024-07-25_8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed_poet-rat_snatch_wapomi.exe"
      2⤵
      • Windows security bypass
      • Loads dropped DLL
      • Windows security modification
      • Adds Run key to start application
      • Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
      • Drops file in Windows directory
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:548
      • C:\Windows\TEMP\pCrEUV.exe
        C:\Windows\TEMP\pCrEUV.exe
        3⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Drops file in Program Files directory
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:1652
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
          C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 1652 -s 784
          4⤵
          • Loads dropped DLL
          • Program crash
          PID:2416
      • C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
        C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
        3⤵
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:2096
        • C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
          netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
          4⤵
          • Modifies Windows Firewall
          • Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          PID:1248
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        3⤵
        • Drops file in Drivers directory
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • Loads dropped DLL
        • Adds Run key to start application
        • Manipulates WinMon driver.
        • Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Modifies system certificate store
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:1864
        • C:\Windows\TEMP\pCrEUV.exe
          C:\Windows\TEMP\pCrEUV.exe
          4⤵
          • Executes dropped EXE
          • Drops file in Program Files directory
          PID:1460
        • C:\Windows\system32\schtasks.exe
          schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
          4⤵
          • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
          PID:1448
        • C:\Windows\system32\schtasks.exe
          schtasks /delete /tn ScheduledUpdate /f
          4⤵
            PID:2260
          • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe
            "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe"
            4⤵
            • Executes dropped EXE
            • Loads dropped DLL
            • Modifies system certificate store
            • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
            PID:2452
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -create {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} -d "Windows Fast Mode" -application OSLOADER
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2648
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} device partition=C:
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:1660
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} osdevice partition=C:
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2172
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} systemroot \Windows
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:1112
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} path \Windows\system32\osloader.exe
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2492
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} kernel ntkrnlmp.exe
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2904
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} recoveryenabled 0
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:1972
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} nx OptIn
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2676
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} nointegritychecks 1
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2216
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -set {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} inherit {bootloadersettings}
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2924
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -displayorder {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813} -addlast
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:372
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -timeout 0
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:1156
            • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe -default {71A3C7FC-F751-4982-AEC1-E958357E6813}
              5⤵
              • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
              PID:2092
          • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
            C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe taskmgr.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\NtQuerySystemInformationHook.dll
            4⤵
            • Executes dropped EXE
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            PID:948
          • C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
            C:\Windows\Sysnative\bcdedit.exe /v
            4⤵
            • Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
            PID:2120
          • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\dsefix.exe
            C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\dsefix.exe
            4⤵
            • Executes dropped EXE
            PID:1944
          • C:\Windows\system32\schtasks.exe
            schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
            4⤵
            • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
            PID:2024
    • C:\Windows\system32\makecab.exe
      "C:\Windows\system32\makecab.exe" C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CbsPersist_20240725095451.log C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CbsPersist_20240725095451.cab
      1⤵
      • Drops file in Windows directory
      PID:320

    Network

    MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v15

    Replay Monitor

    Loading Replay Monitor...

    Downloads

    • C:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Reader 9.0\Reader\LogTransport2.exe

      Filesize

      272KB

      MD5

      58e76458ce29f7d51f431987c22e61cf

      SHA1

      9b63e435662739d874246da6e84cbe2cce69291d

      SHA256

      dbabdf44503e9b43b6e7325c62f38a5cd0960c11ed65049abe7432c41b55003e

      SHA512

      4a6f2c33ac7323b94185e8cb45d2e503882651cdeb44a3a2d3da6e07e8fc44c0f6014ee70a95d6d7a700561013e9103bf6b5e9a67dcce3a0911a1c4888fa12c0

    • C:\Program Files\7-Zip\Uninstall.exe

      Filesize

      31KB

      MD5

      a0d9f3f5e63344d36c4d818b590a0fb5

      SHA1

      ede377f74c456dccc44b9e829cfe43901da91550

      SHA256

      69944791ac7009ec9b5732381e5508470126542071ca578b219aca2f97b61365

      SHA512

      4eb2bc3826cfd656d4af85ec3d4ec23c6e56512e71264783ef2c10a984882db47f16deec43bfc71e967c070f80c8921f72d62d99c74815ffa4e56b24f87f964f

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OX8Z8GR5\k2[1].rar

      Filesize

      4B

      MD5

      d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00

      SHA1

      f1d2d2f924e986ac86fdf7b36c94bcdf32beec15

      SHA256

      b5bb9d8014a0f9b1d61e21e796d78dccdf1352f23cd32812f4850b878ae4944c

      SHA512

      0cf9180a764aba863a67b6d72f0918bc131c6772642cb2dce5a34f0a702f9470ddc2bf125c12198b1995c233c34b4afd346c54a2334c350a948a51b6e8b4e6b6

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\55A346DE.exe

      Filesize

      4B

      MD5

      20879c987e2f9a916e578386d499f629

      SHA1

      c7b33ddcc42361fdb847036fc07e880b81935d5d

      SHA256

      9f2981a7cc4d40a2a409dc895de64253acd819d7c0011c8e80b86fe899464e31

      SHA512

      bcdde1625364dd6dd143b45bdcec8d59cf8982aff33790d390b839f3869e0e815684568b14b555a596d616252aeeaa98dac2e6e551c9095ea11a575ff25ff84f

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\6d0440eb.bat

      Filesize

      187B

      MD5

      69935fb8887ab07027580c7aa46d4338

      SHA1

      b8b26078801f6756ca1365dc98a7abc375d555f4

      SHA256

      c63a9059e27e05892196f7f333dc9b85fdd8d55b35860cddfaa612c759b2b9f0

      SHA512

      4b345adb8199e2328e817f52ebec2f46aa413e79fab8128fe4b22a995015ce7690da8715cd37da89540539a967d3e973c5e25dff8aea5ed634fa0d534cd66a34

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\Symbols\winload_prod.pdb\768283CA443847FB8822F9DB1F36ECC51\download.error

      Filesize

      492KB

      MD5

      fafbf2197151d5ce947872a4b0bcbe16

      SHA1

      a86eaa2dd9fc6d36fcfb41df7ead8d1166aea020

      SHA256

      feb122b7916a1e62a7a6ae8d25ea48a2efc86f6e6384f5526e18ffbfc5f5ff71

      SHA512

      acbd49a111704d001a4ae44d1a071d566452f92311c5c0099d57548eddc9b3393224792c602022df5c3dd19b0a1fb4eff965bf038c8783ae109336699f9d13f6

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe

      Filesize

      1.7MB

      MD5

      13aaafe14eb60d6a718230e82c671d57

      SHA1

      e039dd924d12f264521b8e689426fb7ca95a0a7b

      SHA256

      f44a7deb678ae7bbaaadf88e4c620d7cdf7e6831a1656c456545b1c06feb4ef3

      SHA512

      ade02218c0fd1ef9290c3113cf993dd89e87d4fb66fa1b34afdc73c84876123cd742d2a36d8daa95e2a573d2aa7e880f3c8ba0c5c91916ed15e7c4f6ff847de3

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\ntkrnlmp.exe

      Filesize

      5.3MB

      MD5

      1afff8d5352aecef2ecd47ffa02d7f7d

      SHA1

      8b115b84efdb3a1b87f750d35822b2609e665bef

      SHA256

      c41acc53cde89b94d55d6932ddd55a212ba910e1fade3da138670bb5b18ae4e1

      SHA512

      e5dc54c60be702e11772dc729eec5ec7140f293545aa3d57282adacddf686483393b0c940bbd397a9d50a6cda093865b143ae00c51ce3bf5d6b00241f97b3cdb

    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\osloader.exe

      Filesize

      591KB

      MD5

      e2f68dc7fbd6e0bf031ca3809a739346

      SHA1

      9c35494898e65c8a62887f28e04c0359ab6f63f5

      SHA256

      b74cd24cef07f0226e7b777f7862943faee4cf288178b423d5344b0769dc15d4

      SHA512

      26256a12b5b8b3a40b34f18e081cdb45ea11845589c9d458a79385a4b8178f32164b417ddc9346fab8299bc6d4b9fedb620274c4edf9321424f37a2e2a6de579

    • \Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\dsefix.exe

      Filesize

      94KB

      MD5

      d98e78fd57db58a11f880b45bb659767

      SHA1

      ab70c0d3bd9103c07632eeecee9f51d198ed0e76

      SHA256

      414035cc96d8bcc87ed173852a839ffbb45882a98c7a6f7b821e1668891deef0

      SHA512

      aafbd3eee102d0b682c4c854d69d50bac077e48f7f0dd8a5f913c6c73027aed7231d99fc9d716511759800da8c4f0f394b318821e9e47f6e62e436c8725a7831

    • \Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe

      Filesize

      281KB

      MD5

      d98e33b66343e7c96158444127a117f6

      SHA1

      bb716c5509a2bf345c6c1152f6e3e1452d39d50d

      SHA256

      5de4e2b07a26102fe527606ce5da1d5a4b938967c9d380a3c5fe86e2e34aaaf1

      SHA512

      705275e4a1ba8205eb799a8cf1737bc8ba686925e52c9198a6060a7abeee65552a85b814ac494a4b975d496a63be285f19a6265550585f2fc85824c42d7efab5

    • \Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\dbghelp.dll

      Filesize

      1.5MB

      MD5

      f0616fa8bc54ece07e3107057f74e4db

      SHA1

      b33995c4f9a004b7d806c4bb36040ee844781fca

      SHA256

      6e58fcf4d763022b1f79a3c448eb2ebd8ad1c15df3acf58416893f1cbc699026

      SHA512

      15242e3f5652d7f1d0e31cebadfe2f238ca3222f0e927eb7feb644ab2b3d33132cf2316ee5089324f20f72f1650ad5bb8dd82b96518386ce5b319fb5ceb8313c

    • \Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\pCrEUV.exe

      Filesize

      15KB

      MD5

      f7d21de5c4e81341eccd280c11ddcc9a

      SHA1

      d4e9ef10d7685d491583c6fa93ae5d9105d815bd

      SHA256

      4485df22c627fa0bb899d79aa6ff29bc5be1dbc3caa2b7a490809338d54b7794

      SHA512

      e4553b86b083996038bacfb979ad0b86f578f95185d8efac34a77f6cc73e491d4f70e1449bbc9eb1d62f430800c1574101b270e1cb0eeed43a83049a79b636a3

    • \Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\symsrv.dll

      Filesize

      163KB

      MD5

      5c399d34d8dc01741269ff1f1aca7554

      SHA1

      e0ceed500d3cef5558f3f55d33ba9c3a709e8f55

      SHA256

      e11e0f7804bfc485b19103a940be3d382f31c1378caca0c63076e27797d7553f

      SHA512

      8ff9d38b22d73c595cc417427b59f5ca8e1fb7b47a2fa6aef25322bf6e614d6b71339a752d779bd736b4c1057239100ac8cc62629fd5d6556785a69bcdc3d73d

    • \Windows\rss\csrss.exe

      Filesize

      8.9MB

      MD5

      8c819f7e632740c87d694356afc931ed

      SHA1

      68e53829368abd4f1d23cb531131223881df97f7

      SHA256

      8b0148744435d6298d2b73fe69019433ca6393e164af4e50709b7dda4b648891

      SHA512

      9c06084ef75c3fc0e83663c0705c2d6f61c3348a8d89050ce07e322898043e42234887386929a066b85f9459006b62269cd3b17b75920085834dd7b781428eea

    • memory/548-49-0x000000002C1B0000-0x000000002CAD1000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/548-25-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E39000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/548-50-0x000000002C1B0000-0x000000002CAD1000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/548-64-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D21000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/548-16-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D21000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/548-26-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E39000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/1460-66-0x0000000000940000-0x0000000000949000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/1460-62-0x0000000000940000-0x0000000000949000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/1652-41-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E39000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/1652-27-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E39000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/1864-60-0x0000000000020000-0x0000000000029000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/1864-59-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D21000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/1864-131-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D21000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/2452-84-0x0000000140000000-0x00000001405E8000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      5.9MB

    • memory/2452-104-0x0000000140000000-0x00000001405E8000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      5.9MB

    • memory/2740-126-0x0000000000A20000-0x0000000000A29000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/2740-11-0x0000000000A20000-0x0000000000A29000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/2824-23-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D21000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB

    • memory/2824-10-0x0000000000020000-0x0000000000029000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/2824-12-0x0000000000020000-0x0000000000029000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      36KB

    • memory/2824-9-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D21000-memory.dmp

      Filesize

      9.1MB