hxxps://en[.]wikipedia[.]org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

hxxps://en[.]wikipedia[.]org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol

hxxps://en[.]wikipedia[.]org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_4[:]_Transport_Layer

hxxps://en[.]wikipedia[.]org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_3[:]_Network_Layer

hxxps://www[.]networkworld[.]com/article/3239677/the-osi-model-explained-how-to-understand-and-remember-the-7-layer-network-model[.]html

hxxps://confluence[.]slac[.]stanford[.]edu/display/IEPM/Towards+Analysis+of+ICMP+vs+TCP+Ping+Latencies

hxxps://medium[.]com/@james_aka_yale/the-4-layer-internet-model-network-engineers-need-to-know-e78432614a4f

hxxps://perso[.]uclouvain[.]be/olivier[.]bonaventure/blog/html/2013/05/22/don_t_use_ping_for_delay_measurements[.]html