Analysis

  • max time kernel
    149s
  • max time network
    130s
  • platform
    windows11-21h2_x64
  • resource
    win11-20251015-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win11-20251015-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-21h2-x64system
  • submitted
    06/12/2025, 16:02

General

  • Target
    2025-12-06_cee267eeff6d606bf57458108cbaa647_amadey_elex_karagany_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe
  • Size 555KB
  • Sample251206-tha2bswmbj
  • SHA256 647607184fbd96a9c4ba2bb2c7289edf5e165f36a1b9a6d82deecbce0c7902b7
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

Malware Config

Extracted

Family
  • valleyrat_s2

Version
  • 1.0

C2
  • 192.163.166.13:6666

  • 127.0.0.1:8888

  • 127.0.0.1:80

Attributes
  • campaign_date

    2025.12. 4

Signatures

  • ValleyRat

    ValleyRat stage2 is a backdoor written in C++.

  • Valleyrat_s2 family
  • Executes dropped EXE 5 IoCs
  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 2 IoCs
  • Drops file in Windows directory 1 IoCs
  • Browser Information Discovery 1 TTPs

    Enumerate browser information.

  • Program crash 2 IoCs
  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Enumerates system info in registry 2 TTPs 3 IoCs
  • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS 2 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 8 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: NtCreateUserProcessBlockNonMicrosoftBinary 7 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow 2 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 29 IoCs

Processes

  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2025-12-06_cee267eeff6d606bf57458108cbaa647_amadey_elex_karagany_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe
    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2025-12-06_cee267eeff6d606bf57458108cbaa647_amadey_elex_karagany_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe"
    1⤵
    • Adds Run key to start application
    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:3948
    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\app_240615875.exe
      "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\\app_240615875.exe"
      2⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:3524
      • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
        "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --app=http://108.187.4.64 --window-size=1200,800
        3⤵
        • Drops file in Windows directory
        • Enumerates system info in registry
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious behavior: NtCreateUserProcessBlockNonMicrosoftBinary
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:5400
        • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
          "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=crashpad-handler "--user-data-dir=C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data" /prefetch:4 --monitor-self-annotation=ptype=crashpad-handler "--database=C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Crashpad" "--metrics-dir=C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data" --url=https://clients2.google.com/cr/report --annotation=channel= --annotation=plat=Win64 --annotation=prod=Chrome --annotation=ver=133.0.6943.60 --initial-client-data=0xfc,0x100,0x104,0xd8,0x108,0x7ffb65cadcf8,0x7ffb65cadd04,0x7ffb65cadd10
          4⤵
            PID:3252
          • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
            "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=utility --utility-sub-type=network.mojom.NetworkService --lang=en-US --service-sandbox-type=none --string-annotations --field-trial-handle=1444,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=2200 /prefetch:11
            4⤵
              PID:2796
            • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
              "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=gpu-process --string-annotations --gpu-preferences=UAAAAAAAAADgAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAA --field-trial-handle=2172,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=2168 /prefetch:2
              4⤵
                PID:5504
              • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=utility --utility-sub-type=storage.mojom.StorageService --lang=en-US --service-sandbox-type=service --string-annotations --field-trial-handle=2364,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=2520 /prefetch:13
                4⤵
                  PID:4504
                • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                  "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=6 --field-trial-handle=3136,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=3148 /prefetch:1
                  4⤵
                    PID:1416
                  • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                    "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=5 --field-trial-handle=3152,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=3184 /prefetch:1
                    4⤵
                      PID:2532
                    • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                      "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --extension-process --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --disable-gpu-compositing --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=7 --field-trial-handle=4168,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=4192 /prefetch:9
                      4⤵
                        PID:4500
                      • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                        "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=utility --utility-sub-type=chrome.mojom.ProcessorMetrics --lang=en-US --service-sandbox-type=none --string-annotations --field-trial-handle=5160,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=5172 /prefetch:14
                        4⤵
                          PID:5680
                        • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                          "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --disable-gpu-compositing --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=9 --field-trial-handle=5468,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=5348 /prefetch:1
                          4⤵
                            PID:5832
                          • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                            "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --disable-gpu-compositing --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=10 --field-trial-handle=3200,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=4540 /prefetch:1
                            4⤵
                              PID:224
                            • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                              "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=utility --utility-sub-type=chrome.mojom.UtilWin --lang=en-US --service-sandbox-type=none --message-loop-type-ui --string-annotations --field-trial-handle=5608,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=5728 /prefetch:14
                              4⤵
                                PID:3104
                              • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                                "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=utility --utility-sub-type=chrome.mojom.UtilWin --lang=en-US --service-sandbox-type=none --message-loop-type-ui --string-annotations --field-trial-handle=5700,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=5588 /prefetch:14
                                4⤵
                                  PID:4060
                                • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                                  "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=utility --utility-sub-type=chrome.mojom.UtilWin --lang=en-US --service-sandbox-type=none --message-loop-type-ui --string-annotations --field-trial-handle=5708,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=5656 /prefetch:14
                                  4⤵
                                    PID:3340
                                  • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                                    "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --disable-gpu-compositing --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=14 --field-trial-handle=5436,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=4236 /prefetch:1
                                    4⤵
                                      PID:2088
                                    • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                                      "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=renderer --string-annotations --enable-dinosaur-easter-egg-alt-images --disable-gpu-compositing --video-capture-use-gpu-memory-buffer --lang=en-US --device-scale-factor=1 --num-raster-threads=4 --enable-main-frame-before-activation --renderer-client-id=15 --field-trial-handle=4324,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=4276 /prefetch:1
                                      4⤵
                                        PID:2864
                                      • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
                                        "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --type=gpu-process --disable-gpu-sandbox --use-gl=disabled --gpu-vendor-id=5140 --gpu-device-id=140 --gpu-sub-system-id=0 --gpu-revision=0 --gpu-driver-version=10.0.22000.1 --string-annotations --gpu-preferences=UAAAAAAAAADoAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAA --field-trial-handle=3156,i,9230328900123408011,7560160208156628743,262144 --variations-seed-version=20251015-090059.375000 --mojo-platform-channel-handle=4540 /prefetch:10
                                        4⤵
                                        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
                                        PID:5664
                                  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc1.exe
                                    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc1.exe"
                                    2⤵
                                    • Executes dropped EXE
                                    PID:3868
                                  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc2.exe
                                    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc2.exe"
                                    2⤵
                                    • Executes dropped EXE
                                    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
                                    PID:5184
                                    • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
                                      C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 5184 -s 332
                                      3⤵
                                      • Program crash
                                      PID:2116
                                • C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\133.0.6943.60\elevation_service.exe
                                  "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\133.0.6943.60\elevation_service.exe"
                                  1⤵
                                    PID:4952
                                  • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
                                    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 432 -p 5184 -ip 5184
                                    1⤵
                                      PID:1884
                                    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc1.exe
                                      C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc1.exe
                                      1⤵
                                      • Executes dropped EXE
                                      PID:3468
                                    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc2.exe
                                      C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc2.exe
                                      1⤵
                                      • Executes dropped EXE
                                      PID:396
                                      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
                                        C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 396 -s 296
                                        2⤵
                                        • Program crash
                                        PID:3572
                                    • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
                                      C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 404 -p 396 -ip 396
                                      1⤵
                                        PID:2120
                                      • C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe
                                        C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k LocalSystemNetworkRestricted -p -s NgcSvc
                                        1⤵
                                          PID:3472

                                        Network

                                              MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

                                              Replay Monitor

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                                              Downloads

                                              BrowsingTopicsState

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\BrowsingTopicsState
                                              • Size 414B
                                              • SHA256 f1bc8e605013a3c82902b0be2f72d36fc63370c096a04720bbb9c9dc63fb8316
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                              SCT Auditing Pending Reports

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Network\SCT Auditing Pending Reports
                                              • Size 2B
                                              • SHA256 4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                              Preferences

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Preferences
                                              • Size 10KB
                                              • SHA256 49d294e38ebc837726bb4a3136baad6f2a4657cb6a9f5df57b3437b62cb7a55e
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              Secure Preferences

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Secure Preferences
                                              • Size 15KB
                                              • SHA256 0c8883e0ccc9048cf34bd6157f1eddf61a26c82a5a3e21b9ec65b98244a87c21
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              the-real-index

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Service Worker\ScriptCache\index-dir\the-real-index
                                              • Size 72B
                                              • SHA256 f2b771ba3a42bb09acee1948790f8740f4d886d202629307f1577c54a58c9a12
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                              the-real-index~RFe57d3f9.TMP

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Service Worker\ScriptCache\index-dir\the-real-index~RFe57d3f9.TMP
                                              • Size 48B
                                              • SHA256 97c7715c115b90e4ddcea9f4b03bb7ad7618604a83040e4ff4e562e3981d97ec
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                              Local State

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Local State
                                              • Size 118KB
                                              • SHA256 1a23b8c1dd8541a9f27eb44765126252f1b7c920d8c2b327ad5723c5f6ba61ef
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              Local State

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Local State
                                              • Size 117KB
                                              • SHA256 4f9f6fde3ee50c4d252d1fd3ac0df8d513b596fa756320b12aa4e6335f9d9e99
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              Local State

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Local State
                                              • Size 118KB
                                              • SHA256 477dfa2e75fcca85789873fed41678d4ded18d323b9d61b631963a190845012c
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              app_240615875.exe

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\app_240615875.exe
                                              • Size 268KB
                                              • SHA256 f38854dcb60eed2e5c34e229094758125c0a950718c7320b227bdbab58a0fd2d
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              WinSvc1.exe

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc1.exe
                                              • Size 131KB
                                              • SHA256 4d5dbc0dd7993b860b5a565d05b5aab48d5de9d0838a0acb6d5da412771d2a06
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              WinSvc2.exe

                                              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\WinSvc2.exe
                                              • Size 109KB
                                              • SHA256 a6c180ddf56ef343e6aafd7c6b3f0ea4ca89ef54d7659c014d8105587f42cd3a
                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP

                                              memory/3524-4-0x00000000003D0000-0x000000000041A000-memory.dmp