tofsee | c996a547894c83e2e118ce558f0b0df17779c49e6737a2598594e3e6f91b943c

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
150s
platform
windows11-21h2_x64
resource
win11-20260130-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win11-20260130-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-21h2-x64systemwindows
submitted
16/04/2026, 16:53

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General

Target
2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 11.4MB
Sample260416-vec7ysaw91
SHA256 c996a547894c83e2e118ce558f0b0df17779c49e6737a2598594e3e6f91b943c
MD5 6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817
SHA1 bf4f40c14505a62fbbde1107dcd16db7e0e742c5
SHA512 4abaa8a52310a0ef693814ce14499a4146e6bc35f1527f7b9bc824ae973c08aa893db177e85231cfa3e1ab76bd13c077f545903af50363563bea87e8e8fa8263
SSDEEP 3072:uKPtaVfzJ+xzpxIUgpnvKxvGbqqV7gPCs5lQYFwGfABn/9vOsJp7tvFw3Lw3:fetWkUIy4bVyCs5ZQ/OI
TLSH
T1C6C6630981A90D83CEAAFD78768D0A1FCECD505FB04F770922D2F83AF566925DD1B621
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
5192	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\fuffpjpw\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\fuffpjpw\\vpphkuyk.exe"	svchost.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 IoCs

pid	Process
5548	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
6016	vpphkuyk.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 6016 set thread context of 5548	6016	vpphkuyk.exe	96

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
2176	sc.exe
4736	sc.exe
3548	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
2044	4060	WerFault.exe	78
648	6016	WerFault.exe	90

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	vpphkuyk.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4060 wrote to memory of 1144	4060	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	79
PID 4060 wrote to memory of 5108	4060	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	81
PID 4060 wrote to memory of 2176	4060	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	83
PID 4060 wrote to memory of 4736	4060	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	85
PID 4060 wrote to memory of 3548	4060	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	88
PID 4060 wrote to memory of 5192	4060	2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	91
PID 6016 wrote to memory of 5548	6016	vpphkuyk.exe	96
PID 6016 wrote to memory of 5548	6016	vpphkuyk.exe	96

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4060
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\fuffpjpw\
  2⤵
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1144
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\vpphkuyk.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\fuffpjpw\
  2⤵
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5108
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create fuffpjpw binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\fuffpjpw\vpphkuyk.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2176
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description fuffpjpw "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4736
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start fuffpjpw
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3548
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5192
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4060 -s 1096
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2044

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\fuffpjpw\vpphkuyk.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\fuffpjpw\vpphkuyk.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-16_6dee6309efa7c244d8782cc6ad3d4817_amadey_elex_manuscrypt_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:6016
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5548
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 6016 -s 544
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:648

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 444 -p 4060 -ip 4060
1⤵
PID:3388

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 448 -p 6016 -ip 6016
1⤵
PID:4464

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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vpphkuyk.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\vpphkuyk.exe
Size 12.7MB
SHA256 fb366b26fd17c30b8c2db65951292182bd94f2927d9afb673934d8593350d729
MD5 451924f4087985a5d788470a8f2080f3
SHA1 170656bc2985bba3f035f1d8463d857d218345bf
SHA512 27f9276cf6ba851ea1c64de868e6cd41a04377482a118b63761a933122873c77a87a94a0315091b531edc007b42de6e96e32337c3cbb4797a73f5cd955c3e469
SSDEEP 3072:pKPtaVfzJ+xzpxIUgpnvKxvGbqqV7gPCs5lQYFwGfABn/9vOsJp7tvFw3Lw3:0etWkUIy4bVyCs5ZQ/OI
TLSH
T1B1D6530981A90D83CEAAFD78768D0A1FCECD505FB04F770922D2F83AF566925DD1B621
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/4060-2-0x0000000000B80000-0x0000000000B93000-memory.dmp

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memory/4060-1-0x0000000000870000-0x0000000000970000-memory.dmp

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memory/4060-9-0x0000000000B80000-0x0000000000B93000-memory.dmp

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memory/4060-8-0x0000000000C00000-0x0000000000D12000-memory.dmp

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memory/4060-7-0x00000000007F0000-0x000000000080A000-memory.dmp

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memory/5548-11-0x0000000000960000-0x0000000000975000-memory.dmp

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memory/5548-13-0x0000000000960000-0x0000000000975000-memory.dmp

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memory/5548-14-0x0000000000960000-0x0000000000975000-memory.dmp

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memory/5548-18-0x0000000001300000-0x0000000001412000-memory.dmp

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memory/5548-20-0x0000000001300000-0x0000000001412000-memory.dmp

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memory/5548-31-0x0000000001300000-0x0000000001412000-memory.dmp

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memory/6016-17-0x0000000000C30000-0x0000000000D42000-memory.dmp

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memory/6016-16-0x00000000007F0000-0x000000000080A000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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