tofsee | f9ce1e967d7afb3d50406380f740048910f8b670dcf242e168b7643917de7827

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
150s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260130-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260130-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
17/04/2026, 16:14

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General

Target
2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 11.4MB
Sample260417-tp4bfscw6m
SHA256 f9ce1e967d7afb3d50406380f740048910f8b670dcf242e168b7643917de7827
MD5 a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa
SHA1 ebb92acb6a804abd5f5937e9cccdd9841ddeb81b
SHA512 69b020e13dca08df0056b4e9239b75e45665f9bde81be88c43a9af3b356f955c433756eae3a95ecb3e1123a606ae420c9231c1a356cc03338fd802f1abb5704a
SSDEEP 6144:hbdQ8FZLCSoNNs+P3KybQaSqer5+nDrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr:48FgfNeY3KaBer5+n
TLSH
T162C61D0642F50D53DE69FE74766E091FCCEA285A706EB70C2191F02EFAB1D61C826772
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
4196	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\kiokbahd\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\kiokbahd\\qxavuooi.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-2714754311-527593155-1440850301-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 IoCs

pid	Process
2664	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
3336	qxavuooi.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 3336 set thread context of 2664	3336	qxavuooi.exe	96

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
4816	sc.exe
4512	sc.exe
3936	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
4012	3084	WerFault.exe	83
368	3336	WerFault.exe	95

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	qxavuooi.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 3084 wrote to memory of 768	3084	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	84
PID 3084 wrote to memory of 3424	3084	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	86
PID 3084 wrote to memory of 4816	3084	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	88
PID 3084 wrote to memory of 4512	3084	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	91
PID 3084 wrote to memory of 3936	3084	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	93
PID 3336 wrote to memory of 2664	3336	qxavuooi.exe	96
PID 3336 wrote to memory of 2664	3336	qxavuooi.exe	96
PID 3084 wrote to memory of 4196	3084	2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	98

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:3084
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kiokbahd\
  2⤵
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:768
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\qxavuooi.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kiokbahd\
  2⤵
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3424
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create kiokbahd binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kiokbahd\qxavuooi.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4816
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description kiokbahd "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4512
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start kiokbahd
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3936
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4196
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 3084 -s 1324
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4012

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kiokbahd\qxavuooi.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kiokbahd\qxavuooi.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-04-17_a777cb561609d4bc5e771e14c739d6aa_amadey_elex_njrat_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:3336
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2664
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 3336 -s 524
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:368

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 456 -p 3084 -ip 3084
1⤵
PID:2824

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 492 -p 3336 -ip 3336
1⤵
PID:520

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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Downloads

qxavuooi.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\qxavuooi.exe
Size 14.9MB
SHA256 55a22027c00c2766b1f609b3057aac99bf549c7d6e7a16054e8e67d0f6caa5ec
MD5 3c28c1dae07ee6a134213d2e83640b3f
SHA1 f777ad9349bfc85652c65f77e3d8b7f1d96648f6
SHA512 fe65de8945fc294354104f3209e03443c33de5a78ff41870961b85381946a6c5c9e41ffbf5a29270c43875598991af3763b994c43eb5ab6bd2453b1cf1356569
SSDEEP 6144:JbdQ8FZLCSoNNs+P3KybQaSqer5+nDrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr:w8FgfNeY3KaBer5+n
TLSH
T1E2F61D0642F50D53DE69FE74766E091FCCEA285A706EB70C2191F02EFAB1D61C826772
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/2664-9-0x0000000000F50000-0x0000000000F65000-memory.dmp

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memory/2664-16-0x0000000000F50000-0x0000000000F65000-memory.dmp

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memory/2664-17-0x0000000000F50000-0x0000000000F65000-memory.dmp

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memory/3084-0-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000002B70000-memory.dmp

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memory/3084-2-0x0000000002CD0000-0x0000000002DD0000-memory.dmp

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memory/3084-3-0x0000000002C00000-0x0000000002C13000-memory.dmp

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memory/3084-14-0x0000000002C00000-0x0000000002C13000-memory.dmp

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memory/3084-15-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000415000-memory.dmp

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memory/3336-7-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000002B70000-memory.dmp

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memory/3336-13-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000415000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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