Analysis

  • max time kernel
    149s
  • max time network
    154s
  • platform
    windows11-21h2_x64
  • resource
    win11-20260513-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win11-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-21h2-x64systemwindows
  • submitted
    22/05/2026, 21:50

General

  • Target
    tmpimu4b6l1.exe
  • Size 9.1MB
  • Sample260522-1p9lsshx71
  • SHA256 a6f28f4025e36b67edeae2ff846b402bd34b1a541572e38de2b007429d3fc401
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Malware Config

Signatures

  • Family: Glupteba

    Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.

  • Glupteba payload 1 IoCs
  • Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Executes dropped EXE 6 IoCs
  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 2 IoCs
  • Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs

    Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.

  • Contacts third-party web service commonly abused for C2 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Legitimate web (hosting) services can be abused by malware authors to host malware or C2s.

  • Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

    Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

  • Drops file in System32 directory 9 IoCs
  • Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

  • Drops file in Windows directory 2 IoCs
  • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell 1 TTPs 11 IoCs

    Using powershell.exe command.

  • Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

    Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

  • Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    A root certificate was added, modified, or removed in the trusted certificate store registry paths.

  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 18 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS 64 IoCs
  • Modifies system certificate store 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 18 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 15 IoCs
  • Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs

    The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.

Processes

  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpimu4b6l1.exe
    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpimu4b6l1.exe"
    1⤵
    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:4548
    • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
      powershell -nologo -noprofile
      2⤵
      • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      PID:4184
    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpimu4b6l1.exe
      "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpimu4b6l1.exe"
      2⤵
      • Adds Run key to start application
      • Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
      • Drops file in Windows directory
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:3156
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        3⤵
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:2316
      • C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
        C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
        3⤵
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:4668
        • C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
          netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
          4⤵
          • Modifies Windows Firewall
          • Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
          PID:1388
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        3⤵
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:232
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        3⤵
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:3764
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        3⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • Adds Run key to start application
        • Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
        • Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Modifies system certificate store
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:4852
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
          powershell -nologo -noprofile
          4⤵
          • Drops file in System32 directory
          • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
          • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
          • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
          PID:2488
        • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
          schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
          4⤵
          • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
          PID:1852
        • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
          schtasks /delete /tn ScheduledUpdate /f
          4⤵
            PID:784
          • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
            powershell -nologo -noprofile
            4⤵
            • Drops file in System32 directory
            • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
            • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
            • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
            PID:2928
          • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
            powershell -nologo -noprofile
            4⤵
            • Drops file in System32 directory
            • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
            • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
            • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
            PID:2440
          • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
            C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe taskmgr.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\NtQuerySystemInformationHook.dll
            4⤵
            • Executes dropped EXE
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            PID:5116
          • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
            schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
            4⤵
            • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
            PID:4580
    • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
      "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
      1⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:2472
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        2⤵
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:4416
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
        2⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:1796
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
          powershell -nologo -noprofile
          3⤵
          • Drops file in System32 directory
          • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
          • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
          • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
          PID:1956
    • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
      C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
      1⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:2900
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        2⤵
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:2088
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
        2⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:1872
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
          powershell -nologo -noprofile
          3⤵
          • Drops file in System32 directory
          • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
          • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
          • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
          PID:4188

    Network

          MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

          Replay Monitor

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          Downloads

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 20KB
          • SHA256 16b89f06c21a43014a84221ddce417936ad5f34d09bfa0d1585603ee4c0cb273
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 20KB
          • SHA256 b100a70bd39c4d1176363bc62797b12b131a2c97d74a16b9a9ae1b4d61821f3b
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          __PSScriptPolicyTest_g0g3c3px.unz.ps1

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\__PSScriptPolicyTest_g0g3c3px.unz.ps1
          • Size 60B
          • SHA256 96ad1146eb96877eab5942ae0736b82d8b5e2039a80d3d6932665c1a4c87dcf7
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          injector.exe

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
          • Size 281KB
          • SHA256 5de4e2b07a26102fe527606ce5da1d5a4b938967c9d380a3c5fe86e2e34aaaf1
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          powershell.exe.log

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\CLR_v4.0_32\UsageLogs\powershell.exe.log
          • Size 2KB
          • SHA256 9600b3fdf0565ccb49e21656aa4b24d7c18f776bfd04d9ee984b134707550f02
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 ec69e35bd2b6700139238635a2be29a4eb9500ac2d25847bc447d899839d0f96
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 6630e37ad168e012be7861d898c0f8ce5ccec9a77d899385cd14fa99f2e1afa9
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 5434aed52ec3def607fac25ea317f9c3c4073b13f325848b2d93eea23bb3964f
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 bb7b3d22dfcd64a12c230f918bd853876d56585614538dc8e7ef717c5aa14dc1
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 724B
          • SHA256 0b3b20019f39155c22149c6bb6c96d6a5212c43f9ae01f30451a0e788dde2992
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 fb387274ce528d9db0da959d0cdf5afe0d6276d560bcacbbe62d704cbdaf55e7
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 2db75f840434ea84b611858eb0295ecc7e1b5c50fc29601215b93f5280fc0862
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          csrss.exe

          • Path C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
          • Size 9.1MB
          • SHA256 a6f28f4025e36b67edeae2ff846b402bd34b1a541572e38de2b007429d3fc401
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          memory/232-73-0x0000000071190000-0x00000000711DC000-memory.dmp

          memory/232-67-0x0000000006040000-0x0000000006397000-memory.dmp

          memory/232-74-0x00000000713E0000-0x0000000071737000-memory.dmp

          memory/1956-187-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp

          memory/1956-188-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/1956-201-0x0000000007900000-0x0000000007911000-memory.dmp

          memory/1956-203-0x0000000006100000-0x0000000006115000-memory.dmp

          memory/2088-169-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp

          memory/2088-170-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-52-0x00000000713A0000-0x00000000716F7000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-49-0x0000000005F50000-0x00000000062A7000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-61-0x0000000007B10000-0x0000000007B25000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-60-0x0000000007AC0000-0x0000000007AD1000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-59-0x00000000077C0000-0x0000000007864000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-51-0x0000000071190000-0x00000000711DC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2316-50-0x0000000006AF0000-0x0000000006B3C000-memory.dmp

          memory/2440-210-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp

          memory/2440-211-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-114-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-129-0x0000000007910000-0x0000000007921000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-109-0x0000000005DB0000-0x0000000006107000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-121-0x00000000075F0000-0x0000000007694000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-111-0x0000000006550000-0x000000000659C000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-113-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-131-0x0000000006130000-0x0000000006145000-memory.dmp

          memory/2928-158-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp

          memory/2928-160-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/2928-168-0x0000000006810000-0x0000000006825000-memory.dmp

          memory/3764-90-0x0000000071190000-0x00000000711DC000-memory.dmp

          memory/3764-88-0x0000000005C90000-0x0000000005FE7000-memory.dmp

          memory/3764-91-0x0000000071310000-0x0000000071667000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-27-0x00000000030E0000-0x00000000030F0000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-15-0x0000000006A30000-0x0000000006A7C000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-39-0x00000000080D0000-0x00000000080EA000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-38-0x0000000008080000-0x0000000008095000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-37-0x0000000008070000-0x000000000807E000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-36-0x0000000008020000-0x0000000008031000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-35-0x0000000008110000-0x00000000081A6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-34-0x0000000008000000-0x000000000800A000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-32-0x0000000008600000-0x0000000008C7A000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-33-0x0000000007FC0000-0x0000000007FDA000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-0-0x00000000030E0000-0x00000000030F0000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-28-0x0000000007E70000-0x0000000007E8E000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-1-0x0000000005560000-0x0000000005596000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-2-0x00000000030E0000-0x00000000030F0000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-3-0x0000000005BD0000-0x00000000061FA000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-4-0x0000000005B50000-0x0000000005B72000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-31-0x0000000007E90000-0x0000000007F34000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-5-0x0000000006330000-0x0000000006396000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-29-0x00000000030E0000-0x00000000030F0000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-30-0x00000000030E0000-0x00000000030F0000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-20-0x0000000071200000-0x0000000071557000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-19-0x0000000071080000-0x00000000710CC000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-18-0x0000000007E30000-0x0000000007E64000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-17-0x000000007F0C0000-0x000000007F0D0000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-16-0x0000000006F80000-0x0000000006FC6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-40-0x00000000080F0000-0x00000000080F8000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-14-0x00000000069F0000-0x0000000006A0E000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-13-0x0000000006510000-0x0000000006867000-memory.dmp

          memory/4184-6-0x00000000064A0000-0x0000000006506000-memory.dmp

          memory/4188-218-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp

          memory/4188-219-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/4416-151-0x00000000063B0000-0x00000000063C5000-memory.dmp

          memory/4416-142-0x0000000008040000-0x0000000008051000-memory.dmp

          memory/4416-134-0x0000000071A30000-0x0000000071D87000-memory.dmp

          memory/4416-141-0x0000000007E90000-0x0000000007F34000-memory.dmp

          memory/4416-133-0x00000000710F0000-0x000000007113C000-memory.dmp