glupteba | a3d49bb9d44da26bc5c3650be6b3663429cc7bd6e02d0483994f5c5a06949002

Analysis

max time kernel
150s
max time network
150s
platform
windows10-ltsc_2021_x64
resource
win10ltsc2021-20260513-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10ltsc2021-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-ltsc_2021-x64systemwindows
submitted
22/05/2026, 23:07

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General

Target
tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Size 4.1MB
Sample260522-24ekmsav4w
SHA256 a3d49bb9d44da26bc5c3650be6b3663429cc7bd6e02d0483994f5c5a06949002
MD5 2341776828b862034d3d4c9b23b40b29
SHA1 7f7ab6d3197cfec74dccf6f352107a2685e37d60
SHA512 8c5991c9fc17ef0b97d984c4d18d23f5821d1fccb941a3fd81b1bac12690e589984a6e5ed8cc36c38fa13da6e47d4220bc97f84d6e6a17e7ba372f6848c7a661
SSDEEP 49152:xlBep/VOTg1p7RXKO63AZ15KC+5WvEt6b/ZuM7XJUEM/iIgO2i5KB8vKMW+BXUEW:xveFPdyQZ1oKN7MMDJw3vKh+XcPCZK
TLSH
T19A1633F1B691CC77D8AA363445679F950ABFFA40C1B814A73A3846296DE73C0613732B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery dropper execution glupteba loader persistence privilege_escalation rootkit trojan

Malware Config

Signatures

Family: Glupteba
Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.
loader dropper glupteba

Glupteba payload 21 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/2780-2-0x0000000002D60000-0x00000000035D6000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2780-3-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2780-4-0x0000000002D60000-0x00000000035D6000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4300-10-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/632-15-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4292-25-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4476-27-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-28-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4652-30-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4920-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba

Windows security bypass 2 TTPs 7 IoCs

defense_evasion trojan

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\windefender.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\System32\drivers = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\csrss.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\windefender.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\tmpc0n0xy21.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\rss = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
4588	netsh.exe

Executes dropped EXE 6 IoCs

pid	Process
4920	csrss.exe
632	csrss.exe
4292	csrss.exe
2776	injector.exe
4476	csrss.exe
4652	csrss.exe

Windows security modification 2 TTPs 7 IoCs

defense_evasion trojan

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\windefender.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\tmpc0n0xy21.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\rss = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\windefender.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\System32\drivers = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\csrss.exe = "0"	tmpc0n0xy21.exe

Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 2 IoCs

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-1741132852-2793423776-1557670484-1000\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\csrss = "\"C:\\Windows\\rss\\csrss.exe\""	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-1741132852-2793423776-1557670484-1000\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\csrss = "\"C:\\Windows\\rss\\csrss.exe\""	csrss.exe

Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs
Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.
discovery

Query Registry
T1012

Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

rootkit defense_evasion

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	\??\WinMonFS	csrss.exe

Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
File opened (read-only)	\??\VBoxMiniRdrDN	tmpc0n0xy21.exe

Drops file in Windows directory 2 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\rss	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
File created	C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe	tmpc0n0xy21.exe

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 7 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe

Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

persistence execution

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

pid	Process
2028	schtasks.exe
388	schtasks.exe

Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs

pid	Process
2780	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
2780	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
632	csrss.exe
632	csrss.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
4476	csrss.exe
4476	csrss.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
4920	csrss.exe
4920	csrss.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
4920	csrss.exe
4920	csrss.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe
2776	injector.exe

Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 7 IoCs

description	pid	Process
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	2780	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	2780	tmpc0n0xy21.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	632	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	632	csrss.exe
Token: SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege	4920	csrss.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	4476	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	4476	csrss.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 4 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4300 wrote to memory of 1084	4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe	92
PID 1084 wrote to memory of 4588	1084	cmd.exe	94
PID 4300 wrote to memory of 4920	4300	tmpc0n0xy21.exe	95
PID 4920 wrote to memory of 2776	4920	csrss.exe	111

Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs
The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.
persistence

Query Registry
T1012

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc0n0xy21.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc0n0xy21.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:2780
- C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc0n0xy21.exe
  "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc0n0xy21.exe"
  2⤵
  - Windows security bypass
  - Windows security modification
  - Adds Run key to start application
  - Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
  - Drops file in Windows directory
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
  - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
  PID:4300
- - C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
    C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
    3⤵
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:1084
  - - C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
      netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
      4⤵
      Modifies Windows Firewall
      Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
      PID:4588
- - C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
    C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
    3⤵
    - Executes dropped EXE
    - Adds Run key to start application
    - Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
    - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    - Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:4920
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:2028
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /delete /tn ScheduledUpdate /f
      4⤵
      PID:4564
  - - C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
      C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe taskmgr.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\NtQuerySystemInformationHook.dll
      4⤵
      Executes dropped EXE
      Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      PID:2776
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:388

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
"C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:632
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4292

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:4476
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4652

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

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Downloads

injector.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
Size 281KB
SHA256 5de4e2b07a26102fe527606ce5da1d5a4b938967c9d380a3c5fe86e2e34aaaf1
MD5 d98e33b66343e7c96158444127a117f6
SHA1 bb716c5509a2bf345c6c1152f6e3e1452d39d50d
SHA512 705275e4a1ba8205eb799a8cf1737bc8ba686925e52c9198a6060a7abeee65552a85b814ac494a4b975d496a63be285f19a6265550585f2fc85824c42d7efab5
SSDEEP 3072:qbHszDaOJ8u2HHFIWr6e29kOnK7qFQ8wMii5I7kGvNjzMuszHshoY46bEydJ+dK9:SA3IlIA6e29vngqS8wMmuooh8z+8F
TLSH
T17B546C5AB2A918F8ED77823CC8525516F672B8160730D6EF03A447672F276E09D3FB21
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

csrss.exe

Path C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
Size 4.1MB
SHA256 a3d49bb9d44da26bc5c3650be6b3663429cc7bd6e02d0483994f5c5a06949002
MD5 2341776828b862034d3d4c9b23b40b29
SHA1 7f7ab6d3197cfec74dccf6f352107a2685e37d60
SHA512 8c5991c9fc17ef0b97d984c4d18d23f5821d1fccb941a3fd81b1bac12690e589984a6e5ed8cc36c38fa13da6e47d4220bc97f84d6e6a17e7ba372f6848c7a661
SSDEEP 49152:xlBep/VOTg1p7RXKO63AZ15KC+5WvEt6b/ZuM7XJUEM/iIgO2i5KB8vKMW+BXUEW:xveFPdyQZ1oKN7MMDJw3vKh+XcPCZK
TLSH
T19A1633F1B691CC77D8AA363445679F950ABFFA40C1B814A73A3846296DE73C0613732B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

memory/632-15-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/2780-1-0x0000000002960000-0x0000000002D52000-memory.dmp

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memory/2780-2-0x0000000002D60000-0x00000000035D6000-memory.dmp

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memory/2780-3-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/2780-4-0x0000000002D60000-0x00000000035D6000-memory.dmp

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memory/4292-25-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4300-6-0x0000000002970000-0x0000000002D63000-memory.dmp

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memory/4300-10-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4476-27-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4652-30-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-28-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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memory/4920-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000C91000-memory.dmp

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