glupteba | b669f5fe8bcb43ba30ca6fb784bc14d2bbf105be9bc66850b3354fb666795dff

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
151s
platform
windows10-ltsc_2021_x64
resource
win10ltsc2021-20260513-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10ltsc2021-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-ltsc_2021-x64systemwindows
submitted
22/05/2026, 22:23

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General

Target
tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Size 4.1MB
Sample260522-2bae8afv7r
SHA256 b669f5fe8bcb43ba30ca6fb784bc14d2bbf105be9bc66850b3354fb666795dff
MD5 c01c3531c48d46b4f34c57489355af58
SHA1 ff054f0cd98d5c0d6001f68592efcc1129b52a62
SHA512 ad0b7125c5881ea96b3354dd405dec773de554b3c17a9e90c164c6de6fddeaee23c78dc69418c697b69a611e1902b2961c30cdb3e657f3d77394cb28ed71d9f7
SSDEEP 98304:+Si0A+9f9y2ymxf9j0k0KyXgWJ1pTESdcaHWw:Hrr9f9y2yUj0kpWFz2al
TLSH
T1FC1633E5BBD4C471C26825B581228BB165BA9C02C6650DCB7E78EE0FDB203F3E561F46
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery dropper execution glupteba loader persistence privilege_escalation rootkit trojan

Malware Config

Signatures

Family: Glupteba
Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.
loader dropper glupteba

Glupteba payload 22 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/2212-2-0x0000000005140000-0x00000000059B7000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2212-5-0x0000000005140000-0x00000000059B7000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2212-4-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4728-12-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1784-17-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-26-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2228-30-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2228-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1096-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1280-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-46-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1316-47-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba

Windows security bypass 2 TTPs 7 IoCs

defense_evasion trojan

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\System32\drivers = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\csrss.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\windefender.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\tmp4xu82dy0.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\rss = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\windefender.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
4316	netsh.exe

Executes dropped EXE 7 IoCs

pid	Process
1316	csrss.exe
1784	csrss.exe
2228	csrss.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1096	csrss.exe
1280	csrss.exe

Windows security modification 2 TTPs 7 IoCs

defense_evasion trojan

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\csrss.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\windefender.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Processes\tmp4xu82dy0.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\rss = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\windefender.exe = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\System32\drivers = "0"	tmp4xu82dy0.exe

Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 2 IoCs

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-2058276091-3280583803-376660292-1000\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\csrss = "\"C:\\Windows\\rss\\csrss.exe\""	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-2058276091-3280583803-376660292-1000\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\csrss = "\"C:\\Windows\\rss\\csrss.exe\""	csrss.exe

Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs
Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.
discovery

Query Registry
T1012

Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

rootkit defense_evasion

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	\??\WinMonFS	csrss.exe

Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
File opened (read-only)	\??\VBoxMiniRdrDN	tmp4xu82dy0.exe

Drops file in Windows directory 2 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\rss	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
File created	C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe	tmp4xu82dy0.exe

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 7 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe

Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

persistence execution

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

pid	Process
660	schtasks.exe
4452	schtasks.exe

Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs

pid	Process
2212	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
2212	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
1784	csrss.exe
1784	csrss.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1096	csrss.exe
1096	csrss.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1316	csrss.exe
1316	csrss.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1316	csrss.exe
1316	csrss.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
1544	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe
3560	injector.exe

Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 7 IoCs

description	pid	Process
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	2212	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	2212	tmp4xu82dy0.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	1784	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	1784	csrss.exe
Token: SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege	1316	csrss.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	1096	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	1096	csrss.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 5 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4728 wrote to memory of 5104	4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe	91
PID 5104 wrote to memory of 4316	5104	cmd.exe	93
PID 4728 wrote to memory of 1316	4728	tmp4xu82dy0.exe	94
PID 1316 wrote to memory of 1544	1316	csrss.exe	109
PID 1316 wrote to memory of 3560	1316	csrss.exe	112

Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs
The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.
persistence

Query Registry
T1012

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp4xu82dy0.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp4xu82dy0.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:2212
- C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp4xu82dy0.exe
  "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp4xu82dy0.exe"
  2⤵
  - Windows security bypass
  - Windows security modification
  - Adds Run key to start application
  - Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
  - Drops file in Windows directory
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
  - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
  PID:4728
- - C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
    C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
    3⤵
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:5104
  - - C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
      netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
      4⤵
      Modifies Windows Firewall
      Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
      PID:4316
- - C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
    C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
    3⤵
    - Executes dropped EXE
    - Adds Run key to start application
    - Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
    - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    - Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:1316
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:660
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /delete /tn ScheduledUpdate /f
      4⤵
      PID:1764
  - - C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
      C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe taskmgr.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\NtQuerySystemInformationHook.dll
      4⤵
      Executes dropped EXE
      Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      PID:1544
  - - C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
      C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe taskmgr.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\NtQuerySystemInformationHook.dll
      4⤵
      Executes dropped EXE
      Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      PID:3560
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:4452

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
"C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:1784
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2228

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:1096
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1280

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

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Downloads

injector.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
Size 281KB
SHA256 5de4e2b07a26102fe527606ce5da1d5a4b938967c9d380a3c5fe86e2e34aaaf1
MD5 d98e33b66343e7c96158444127a117f6
SHA1 bb716c5509a2bf345c6c1152f6e3e1452d39d50d
SHA512 705275e4a1ba8205eb799a8cf1737bc8ba686925e52c9198a6060a7abeee65552a85b814ac494a4b975d496a63be285f19a6265550585f2fc85824c42d7efab5
SSDEEP 3072:qbHszDaOJ8u2HHFIWr6e29kOnK7qFQ8wMii5I7kGvNjzMuszHshoY46bEydJ+dK9:SA3IlIA6e29vngqS8wMmuooh8z+8F
TLSH
T17B546C5AB2A918F8ED77823CC8525516F672B8160730D6EF03A447672F276E09D3FB21
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

csrss.exe

Path C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
Size 4.1MB
SHA256 b669f5fe8bcb43ba30ca6fb784bc14d2bbf105be9bc66850b3354fb666795dff
MD5 c01c3531c48d46b4f34c57489355af58
SHA1 ff054f0cd98d5c0d6001f68592efcc1129b52a62
SHA512 ad0b7125c5881ea96b3354dd405dec773de554b3c17a9e90c164c6de6fddeaee23c78dc69418c697b69a611e1902b2961c30cdb3e657f3d77394cb28ed71d9f7
SSDEEP 98304:+Si0A+9f9y2ymxf9j0k0KyXgWJ1pTESdcaHWw:Hrr9f9y2yUj0kpWFz2al
TLSH
T1FC1633E5BBD4C471C26825B581228BB165BA9C02C6650DCB7E78EE0FDB203F3E561F46
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

memory/1096-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1280-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-47-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-46-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-26-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1316-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/1784-17-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/2212-2-0x0000000005140000-0x00000000059B7000-memory.dmp

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memory/2212-1-0x0000000004D50000-0x000000000513F000-memory.dmp

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memory/2212-5-0x0000000005140000-0x00000000059B7000-memory.dmp

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memory/2212-4-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/2228-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/2228-30-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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memory/4728-6-0x0000000004CD0000-0x00000000050C7000-memory.dmp

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memory/4728-12-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000003012000-memory.dmp

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