Analysis

  • max time kernel
    149s
  • max time network
    153s
  • platform
    windows11-21h2_x64
  • resource
    win11-20260513-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win11-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-21h2-x64systemwindows
  • submitted
    02/06/2026, 09:38

General

  • Target
    tmpgs2fssd_.exe
  • Size 4.2MB
  • Sample260602-ll3lrabt5n
  • SHA256 1e146ab127759a07a58c869ea63459fb611607750ea7c023ffe36a56079658c9
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Malware Config

Signatures

  • Family: Glupteba

    Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.

  • Glupteba payload 21 IoCs
  • Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Executes dropped EXE 6 IoCs
  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 2 IoCs
  • Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs

    Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.

  • Contacts third-party web service commonly abused for C2 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Legitimate web (hosting) services can be abused by malware authors to host malware or C2s.

  • Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

    Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

  • Drops file in System32 directory 9 IoCs
  • Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

  • Drops file in Windows directory 2 IoCs
  • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell 1 TTPs 11 IoCs

    Using powershell.exe command.

  • Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

    Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

  • Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    A root certificate was added, modified, or removed in the trusted certificate store registry paths.

  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 18 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS 64 IoCs
  • Modifies system certificate store 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 18 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 15 IoCs
  • Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs

    The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.

Processes

  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpgs2fssd_.exe
    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpgs2fssd_.exe"
    1⤵
    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:4616
    • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
      powershell -nologo -noprofile
      2⤵
      • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      PID:4772
    • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpgs2fssd_.exe
      "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpgs2fssd_.exe"
      2⤵
      • Adds Run key to start application
      • Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
      • Drops file in Windows directory
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:5400
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        3⤵
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:2980
      • C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
        C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
        3⤵
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:3204
        • C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
          netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
          4⤵
          • Modifies Windows Firewall
          • Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
          PID:5164
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        3⤵
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:3344
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        3⤵
        • Drops file in System32 directory
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:4104
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        3⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • Adds Run key to start application
        • Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
        • Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
        • Modifies system certificate store
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:3392
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
          powershell -nologo -noprofile
          4⤵
          • Drops file in System32 directory
          • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
          • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
          • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
          PID:2532
        • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
          schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
          4⤵
          • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
          PID:5464
        • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
          schtasks /delete /tn ScheduledUpdate /f
          4⤵
            PID:3592
          • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
            powershell -nologo -noprofile
            4⤵
            • Drops file in System32 directory
            • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
            • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
            • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
            PID:2036
          • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
            powershell -nologo -noprofile
            4⤵
            • Drops file in System32 directory
            • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
            • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
            • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
            PID:1144
          • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
            C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe taskmgr.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\NtQuerySystemInformationHook.dll
            4⤵
            • Executes dropped EXE
            • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
            PID:3120
          • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
            schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
            4⤵
            • Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
            PID:2040
    • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
      "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
      1⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:3940
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        2⤵
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:2424
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
        2⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:6100
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
          powershell -nologo -noprofile
          3⤵
          • Drops file in System32 directory
          • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
          • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
          • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
          PID:3472
    • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
      C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
      1⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:4876
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
        powershell -nologo -noprofile
        2⤵
        • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
        • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
        PID:2056
      • C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
        "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
        2⤵
        • Executes dropped EXE
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:4772
        • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
          powershell -nologo -noprofile
          3⤵
          • Drops file in System32 directory
          • Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
          • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
          • Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
          • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
          • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
          PID:2488

    Network

          MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

          Replay Monitor

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          Downloads

          powershell.exe.log

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\CLR_v4.0_32\UsageLogs\powershell.exe.log
          • Size 2KB
          • SHA256 9600b3fdf0565ccb49e21656aa4b24d7c18f776bfd04d9ee984b134707550f02
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 20KB
          • SHA256 ac11334de01da46e72c39470b85c83c2343ed93e23f34c8b1bad6f0ec483d785
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 20KB
          • SHA256 a5f0adf342df28c8885f0cbf1f57b725edaaf10b8b5e950079c70eb98b61de4a
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          __PSScriptPolicyTest_m1z5dyjh.nkc.ps1

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\__PSScriptPolicyTest_m1z5dyjh.nkc.ps1
          • Size 60B
          • SHA256 96ad1146eb96877eab5942ae0736b82d8b5e2039a80d3d6932665c1a4c87dcf7
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          injector.exe

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\injector\injector.exe
          • Size 281KB
          • SHA256 5de4e2b07a26102fe527606ce5da1d5a4b938967c9d380a3c5fe86e2e34aaaf1
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          powershell.exe.log

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\CLR_v4.0_32\UsageLogs\powershell.exe.log
          • Size 2KB
          • SHA256 e39062a62c3c7617feeeff95ea8a0be51104a0d36f46e44eea22556fda74d8d9
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 95ea43dcd566f99b219b231d36f05900427bcad37905aa7a4c0ee9739356a34e
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 e678b6fc54544000f5cea14c923fda6e6dff344b9475de0387bf087b6ad9e1f1
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 ff3762c10d5ff41f6ef9dcf24b809e31082f8c2a05ed0b17882893e446411b1a
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 d5322486f593f7af6d49d5d85ed55bb6a4b0efa14f02eaeccfba7c6e46e27d28
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 c91b8ca8b6c951b7ab396167708bce7ea0e7c3957ca392e1fadfd0883534e228
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          StartupProfileData-Interactive

          • Path C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-Interactive
          • Size 19KB
          • SHA256 850bb8cd81f7a7a19eeb4c4053e1e14583b435b583e528026bd8a72e7cf21b55
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          csrss.exe

          • Path C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
          • Size 4.2MB
          • SHA256 1e146ab127759a07a58c869ea63459fb611607750ea7c023ffe36a56079658c9
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          memory/1144-211-0x00000000715F0000-0x0000000071947000-memory.dmp

          memory/1144-210-0x0000000070CB0000-0x0000000070CFC000-memory.dmp

          memory/1144-222-0x0000000005C10000-0x0000000005C25000-memory.dmp

          memory/2036-172-0x0000000070CB0000-0x0000000070CFC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2036-173-0x00000000715F0000-0x0000000071947000-memory.dmp

          memory/2056-200-0x0000000070CB0000-0x0000000070CFC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2056-218-0x0000000006220000-0x0000000006235000-memory.dmp

          memory/2056-201-0x00000000715F0000-0x0000000071947000-memory.dmp

          memory/2056-208-0x0000000007C20000-0x0000000007CC4000-memory.dmp

          memory/2056-209-0x0000000007E10000-0x0000000007E21000-memory.dmp

          memory/2424-134-0x0000000070F10000-0x0000000071267000-memory.dmp

          memory/2424-133-0x0000000070D90000-0x0000000070DDC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-230-0x0000000070CB0000-0x0000000070CFC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2488-231-0x00000000715F0000-0x0000000071947000-memory.dmp

          memory/2532-125-0x0000000070D90000-0x0000000070DDC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2532-126-0x0000000070F10000-0x0000000071267000-memory.dmp

          memory/2980-52-0x0000000070D90000-0x0000000070DDC000-memory.dmp

          memory/2980-53-0x0000000070F10000-0x0000000071267000-memory.dmp

          memory/2980-60-0x00000000077F0000-0x0000000007894000-memory.dmp

          memory/2980-61-0x0000000007B10000-0x0000000007B21000-memory.dmp

          memory/2980-63-0x0000000007B60000-0x0000000007B75000-memory.dmp

          memory/3344-73-0x00000000056E0000-0x0000000005A37000-memory.dmp

          memory/3344-76-0x0000000070D90000-0x0000000070DDC000-memory.dmp

          memory/3344-77-0x00000000716D0000-0x0000000071A27000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-264-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-306-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-246-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-252-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-258-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-318-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-312-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-270-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-300-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-294-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-276-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-282-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3392-288-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-170-0x0000000005020000-0x0000000005035000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-155-0x00000000715F0000-0x0000000071947000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-151-0x0000000005750000-0x0000000005AA7000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-169-0x0000000007270000-0x0000000007281000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-153-0x0000000005D30000-0x0000000005D7C000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-154-0x0000000070CB0000-0x0000000070CFC000-memory.dmp

          memory/3472-162-0x0000000006ED0000-0x0000000006F74000-memory.dmp

          memory/3940-247-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/4104-94-0x0000000070FE0000-0x0000000071337000-memory.dmp

          memory/4104-93-0x0000000070D90000-0x0000000070DDC000-memory.dmp

          memory/4104-85-0x0000000005F50000-0x00000000062A7000-memory.dmp

          memory/4616-74-0x0000000003120000-0x0000000003A0B000-memory.dmp

          memory/4616-1-0x0000000002D20000-0x000000000311C000-memory.dmp

          memory/4616-124-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/4616-62-0x0000000002D20000-0x000000000311C000-memory.dmp

          memory/4616-2-0x0000000003120000-0x0000000003A0B000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-3-0x0000000005550000-0x0000000005560000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-16-0x0000000006760000-0x000000000677E000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-8-0x0000000005B10000-0x0000000005B76000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-7-0x00000000059F0000-0x0000000005A56000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-18-0x0000000006D00000-0x0000000006D46000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-20-0x0000000007B70000-0x0000000007BA4000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-15-0x00000000062C0000-0x0000000006617000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-21-0x0000000070D90000-0x0000000070DDC000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-22-0x0000000070F10000-0x0000000071267000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-6-0x00000000058D0000-0x00000000058F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-5-0x0000000005B90000-0x00000000061BA000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-4-0x00000000032A0000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-19-0x000000007FD00000-0x000000007FD10000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-32-0x0000000005550000-0x0000000005560000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-17-0x0000000006820000-0x000000000686C000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-30-0x0000000005550000-0x0000000005560000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-33-0x0000000007BF0000-0x0000000007C94000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-31-0x0000000005550000-0x0000000005560000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-29-0x0000000007BD0000-0x0000000007BEE000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-250-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-35-0x0000000007D20000-0x0000000007D3A000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-42-0x0000000007E50000-0x0000000007E58000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-41-0x0000000007E30000-0x0000000007E4A000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-40-0x0000000007DE0000-0x0000000007DF5000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-39-0x0000000007DD0000-0x0000000007DDE000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-38-0x0000000007D80000-0x0000000007D91000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-37-0x0000000007E70000-0x0000000007F06000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-36-0x0000000007D60000-0x0000000007D6A000-memory.dmp

          memory/4772-34-0x0000000008360000-0x00000000089DA000-memory.dmp

          memory/4876-249-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/5400-171-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp

          memory/6100-181-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000D1B000-memory.dmp