310ac3902f066cb2f1e5e006847b0f5985f8d418e71dcdb8f012eb65535a7656

persistence privilege_escalation defense_evasion

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/etc/cron.hourly/network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/cron.daily/network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/cron.d/network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/var/spool/cron/root	x86_64.elf

Creates/modifies environment variables 1 TTPs 7 IoCs

Creating/modifying environment variables is a common persistence mechanism.

Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/root/.bashrc	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/root/.profile	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/root/.bash_profile	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/environment	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/profile	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/profile.d/00-net.sh	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/bash.bashrc	x86_64.elf

Deletes log files 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Deletes log files on the system.

defense_evasion

Clear Linux or Mac System Logs

T1070.002

description	ioc	Process
File truncated	/var/log/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf

Modifies init.d 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Adds/modifies system service, likely for persistence.

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

RC Scripts

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/etc/init.d/network-dispatch	x86_64.elf

Modifies rc script 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Adding/modifying system rc scripts is a common persistence mechanism.

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

RC Scripts

persistence privilege_escalation

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/etc/rc.local	x86_64.elf

Modifies systemd 2 TTPs 2 IoCs

Adds/ modifies systemd service files. Likely to achieve persistence.

XDG Autostart Entries

Systemd Service

T1543.002

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/etc/systemd/system/network-dispatch.service	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/root/.config/systemd/user/network-dispatch.service	x86_64.elf

Write file to user bin folder 4 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/usr/bin/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/usr/sbin/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/usr/local/bin/watchdog-net	x86_64.elf

Writes file to system bin folder 1 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/sbin/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf

Modifies Bash startup script 2 TTPs 6 IoCs

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

Unix Shell Configuration Modification

T1546.004

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/etc/profile	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/profile.d/00-net.sh	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/etc/bash.bashrc	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/root/.bashrc	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/root/.profile	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/root/.bash_profile	x86_64.elf

UPX packed file 2 IoCs

Detects executables packed with UPX/modified UPX open source packer.

upx

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/files/fstream-1.dat	upx
behavioral1/files/fstream-61.dat	upx

Changes its process name 4 IoCs

description	ioc	pid	Process
Changes the process name, possibly in an attempt to hide itself	ntpd	1506	x86_64.elf
Changes the process name, possibly in an attempt to hide itself	[kworker/1:1]	1506	x86_64.elf
Changes the process name, possibly in an attempt to hide itself	systemd	1507	x86_64.elf
Changes the process name, possibly in an attempt to hide itself	[kworker/0:1]	1531	x86_64.elf

Checks CPU configuration 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Checks CPU information which indicate if the system is a virtual machine.

antivm

System Checks

T1497.001

description	ioc	Process
File opened for reading	/proc/cpuinfo	x86_64.elf

Creates a desktop entry file 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

A .desktop file is used by desktop environments to register and launch applications. This can be abused to gain persistence.

persistence execution

User Execution

T1204

Malicious File

T1204.002

XDG Autostart Entries

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/etc/xdg/autostart/network-dispatch.desktop	x86_64.elf

Reads runtime system information 29 IoCs

Reads data from /proc virtual filesystem.

discovery

description	ioc	Process
File opened for reading	/proc/cmdline	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/sched	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/cmdline	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/filesystems	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/uptime	x86_64.elf
File opened for reading	/proc/1/environ	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/sched	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/filesystems	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/cmdline	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/comm	x86_64.elf
File opened for reading	/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/sched	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/sched	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/self/fd/.nd	x86_64.elf
File opened for reading	/proc/filesystems	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/self/exe	x86_64.elf
File opened for reading	/proc/self/stat	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/environ	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/self/status	x86_64.elf
File opened for reading	/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/self/stat	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/filesystems	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/self/stat	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/environ	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/cmdline	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/self/stat	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease	systemctl
File opened for reading	/proc/1/environ	systemctl

Writes file to shm directory 2 IoCs

Malware can drop malicious files in the shm directory which will run directly from RAM.

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/dev/shm/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/run/shm/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf

Writes file to tmp directory 4 IoCs

Malware often drops required files in the /tmp directory.

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	/tmp/.X11-unix/.nd	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/tmp/.font-unix/.nd	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/tmp/.network-dispatch	x86_64.elf
File opened for modification	/tmp/.ICE-unix/.nd	x86_64.elf

/tmp/x86_64.elf
/tmp/x86_64.elf
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Modifies Watchdog functionality
- Traces itself
- Creates/modifies Cron job
- Creates/modifies environment variables
- Deletes log files
- Modifies init.d
- Modifies rc script
- Modifies systemd
- Write file to user bin folder
- Writes file to system bin folder
- Modifies Bash startup script
- Changes its process name
- Checks CPU configuration
- Creates a desktop entry file
- Reads runtime system information
- Writes file to shm directory
- Writes file to tmp directory
PID:1505
- /usr/local/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl daemon-reload
  2⤵
  PID:1514
- /usr/local/bin/systemctl
  systemctl daemon-reload
  2⤵
  PID:1514
- /usr/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl daemon-reload
  2⤵
  PID:1514
- /usr/bin/systemctl
  systemctl daemon-reload
  2⤵
  PID:1514
- /sbin/systemctl
  systemctl daemon-reload
  2⤵
  PID:1514
- /bin/systemctl
  systemctl daemon-reload
  2⤵
  - Reads runtime system information
  PID:1514
- /usr/local/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.service
  2⤵
  PID:1518
- /usr/local/bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.service
  2⤵
  PID:1518
- /usr/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.service
  2⤵
  PID:1518
- /usr/bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.service
  2⤵
  PID:1518
- /sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.service
  2⤵
  PID:1518
- /bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.service
  2⤵
  - Reads runtime system information
  PID:1518
- /usr/local/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.timer
  2⤵
  PID:1519
- /usr/local/bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.timer
  2⤵
  PID:1519
- /usr/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.timer
  2⤵
  PID:1519
- /usr/bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.timer
  2⤵
  PID:1519
- /sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.timer
  2⤵
  PID:1519
- /bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.timer
  2⤵
  - Reads runtime system information
  PID:1519
- /usr/local/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.path
  2⤵
  PID:1520
- /usr/local/bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.path
  2⤵
  PID:1520
- /usr/sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.path
  2⤵
  PID:1520
- /usr/bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.path
  2⤵
  PID:1520
- /sbin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.path
  2⤵
  PID:1520
- /bin/systemctl
  systemctl enable network-dispatch.path
  2⤵
  - Reads runtime system information
  PID:1520
- /usr/local/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /usr/local/bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /usr/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /usr/bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /sbin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /snap/bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_startup=/etc/init.d/network-dispatch start"
  2⤵
  PID:1521
- /usr/local/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /usr/local/bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /usr/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /usr/bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /sbin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /snap/bin/nvram
  nvram set "rc_service=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1522
- /usr/local/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /usr/local/bin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /usr/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /usr/bin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /sbin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /bin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /snap/bin/nvram
  nvram set "sys_startup=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1523
- /usr/local/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /usr/local/bin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /usr/sbin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /usr/bin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /sbin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /bin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /snap/bin/nvram
  nvram set "custom_script=/usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1524
- /usr/local/sbin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /usr/local/bin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /usr/sbin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /usr/bin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /sbin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /bin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /snap/bin/nvram
  nvram commit
  2⤵
  PID:1525
- /usr/local/sbin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /usr/local/bin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /usr/sbin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /usr/bin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /sbin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /bin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /snap/bin/fw_printenv
  fw_printenv bootcmd
  2⤵
  PID:1526
- /usr/local/sbin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /usr/local/bin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /usr/sbin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /usr/bin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /sbin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /bin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /snap/bin/fw_setenv
  fw_setenv preboot "sh /usr/local/bin/network-dispatch &"
  2⤵
  PID:1527
- /etc/init.d/network-dispatch
  /etc/init.d/network-dispatch enable
  2⤵
  PID:1528
- /usr/local/sbin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529
- /usr/local/bin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529
- /usr/sbin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529
- /usr/bin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529
- /sbin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529
- /bin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529
- /snap/bin/rc-update
  rc-update add network-dispatch
  2⤵
  PID:1529

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Cron

User Execution

T1204

Malicious File

T1204.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

XDG Autostart Entries

Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts

T1037

RC Scripts

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Systemd Service

T1543.002

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Unix Shell Configuration Modification

T1546.004

Hijack Execution Flow

T1574

Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Cron

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

XDG Autostart Entries

Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts

T1037

RC Scripts

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Systemd Service

T1543.002

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Unix Shell Configuration Modification

T1546.004

Hijack Execution Flow

T1574

Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Cron

Defense Evasion

Hijack Execution Flow

T1574

Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable