tofsee | f8149df2e82bc710b02a0b6174554c5ec8d97fc490c54be94d1f0fd3ea9bbcac

Analysis

max time kernel
148s
max time network
150s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260513-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
06/08/2026, 01:17

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General

Target
2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 10.3MB
Sample260806-bneycsv1f1
SHA256 f8149df2e82bc710b02a0b6174554c5ec8d97fc490c54be94d1f0fd3ea9bbcac
MD5 adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595
SHA1 14ba71309f6d13a61e03665f947217bd9fc6ad8a
SHA512 f583720abafa4f08e672f968613977a0eae5beb2cf3cb4133f11741080ed8dfe815a119a3b2eb003508eb9a3d8159f32a6fab05b38ffe338a9181e89e9f1c4b7
SSDEEP 196608:sEaDRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRf4:sEaDRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgi
TLSH
T162B6786EFA4903F341C1037A274E94C7BB0AD8B9636B56F0246D844F6267E2CA377791
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
2588	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\hdbikrdb\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\hdbikrdb\\gsejgmlz.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-668679576-120646659-2289335452-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 IoCs

pid	Process
684	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
2196	gsejgmlz.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 2196 set thread context of 684	2196	gsejgmlz.exe	104

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
1964	sc.exe
2200	sc.exe
832	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
4680	cmd.exe
4384	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
2844	4172	WerFault.exe	85
4792	2196	WerFault.exe	98

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	gsejgmlz.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4172 wrote to memory of 4680	4172	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	86
PID 4172 wrote to memory of 4384	4172	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	88
PID 4172 wrote to memory of 1964	4172	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	90
PID 4172 wrote to memory of 2200	4172	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	94
PID 4172 wrote to memory of 832	4172	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	96
PID 4172 wrote to memory of 2588	4172	2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	99
PID 2196 wrote to memory of 684	2196	gsejgmlz.exe	104
PID 2196 wrote to memory of 684	2196	gsejgmlz.exe	104

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4172
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\hdbikrdb\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4680
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\gsejgmlz.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\hdbikrdb\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4384
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create hdbikrdb binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\hdbikrdb\gsejgmlz.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1964
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description hdbikrdb "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2200
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start hdbikrdb
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:832
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2588
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4172 -s 1036
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2844

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\hdbikrdb\gsejgmlz.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\hdbikrdb\gsejgmlz.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-06_adeaba8915cff32627c56b12b1be2595_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:2196
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:684
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2196 -s 528
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4792

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 444 -p 4172 -ip 4172
1⤵
PID:1396

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 404 -p 2196 -ip 2196
1⤵
PID:2480

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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gsejgmlz.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\gsejgmlz.exe
Size 11.4MB
SHA256 68c70282ec9609fa153ddb572d9fc624dee83c18d7addcb342d77c0f0ee7b2e2
MD5 a0db974574f28451a9ec50e67f571663
SHA1 f0024c6821a52d4050efc9c2a403865ffecf2e0b
SHA512 e1842886ec26b43737d77a5aa76a4614e3183a1ecbea8ffffbfd2b0b6e615f98baf8c1492fc964c3130503b080e4b77fb49ba820ab20dbfbc20a652f575025b8
SSDEEP 196608:JEaDRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfE:JEaDRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgRfgO
TLSH
T1DEC6786EFA4903F301C1037A674E94C7BB0AD8B9636B56F0246D844F6267E2CA377791
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/684-11-0x0000000001000000-0x0000000001015000-memory.dmp

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memory/684-13-0x0000000001000000-0x0000000001015000-memory.dmp

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memory/684-14-0x0000000001000000-0x0000000001015000-memory.dmp

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memory/2196-8-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000229F000-memory.dmp

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memory/2196-15-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000229F000-memory.dmp

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memory/4172-0-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000229F000-memory.dmp

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memory/4172-2-0x0000000002360000-0x0000000002460000-memory.dmp

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memory/4172-3-0x00000000022E0000-0x00000000022F3000-memory.dmp

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memory/4172-6-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000229F000-memory.dmp

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memory/4172-9-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000229F000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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