tofsee | 49329286310ccf27c2cf5e45109daa2b59181cf88e87f95bd038482e48db1c5c

Analysis

max time kernel
150s
max time network
154s
platform
windows11-ltsc_2024_x64
resource
win11ltsc2024-20260709-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win11ltsc2024-20260709-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-ltsc_2024-x64systemwindows
submitted
08/08/2026, 03:58

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General

Target
2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 15.0MB
Sample260808-ejj83abf43
SHA256 49329286310ccf27c2cf5e45109daa2b59181cf88e87f95bd038482e48db1c5c
MD5 21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9
SHA1 358544d7cdb3f0f4de00247618a002b8c24d6ab6
SHA512 0306a932bc9f04ed9d7ecb77bd5de320d180887c0c314823e4d834c694c6c62cd06df79d129d9a0b21e6366c0afb0dff309e43d93b61571e46afb5730f89e195
SSDEEP 3072:LsXLLViObJLO9Dpqs4XzM9lOp7LCHI3lwQ4fVUxfhuC9+QoZ5G2F5QoQb:MLLViWJLO1zczM9lOpSHILcV8N9+Ay
TLSH
T10AF629388A608555C03ED6BE320CBB4186BEEE81E384997A26074DD4DB235F54DDDF2B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
5920	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\xyhhjuhu\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\xyhhjuhu\\mkuvxtwc.exe"	svchost.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 IoCs

pid	Process
3924	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
5176	mkuvxtwc.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 5176 set thread context of 3924	5176	mkuvxtwc.exe	104

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
1960	sc.exe
4468	sc.exe
2524	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
2924	cmd.exe
2200	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
5688	1256	WerFault.exe	87
4884	5176	WerFault.exe	100

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	mkuvxtwc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 1256 wrote to memory of 2924	1256	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	89
PID 1256 wrote to memory of 2200	1256	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	91
PID 1256 wrote to memory of 1960	1256	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	93
PID 1256 wrote to memory of 4468	1256	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	96
PID 1256 wrote to memory of 2524	1256	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	98
PID 1256 wrote to memory of 5920	1256	2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	101
PID 5176 wrote to memory of 3924	5176	mkuvxtwc.exe	104
PID 5176 wrote to memory of 3924	5176	mkuvxtwc.exe	104

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:1256
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\xyhhjuhu\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2924
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\mkuvxtwc.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\xyhhjuhu\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2200
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create xyhhjuhu binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\xyhhjuhu\mkuvxtwc.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1960
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description xyhhjuhu "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4468
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start xyhhjuhu
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2524
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5920
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 1256 -s 1092
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:5688

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\xyhhjuhu\mkuvxtwc.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\xyhhjuhu\mkuvxtwc.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-08_21973fd8fb5e02c7ba008cc3b7e04ed9_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:5176
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3924
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 5176 -s 612
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4884

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 492 -p 1256 -ip 1256
1⤵
PID:5044

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 524 -p 5176 -ip 5176
1⤵
PID:1248

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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Downloads

mkuvxtwc.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\mkuvxtwc.exe
Size 14.1MB
SHA256 beab835446047f889bff238c42bc85d192caea6d3ab76b02704e712f6379954d
MD5 8ad69688783d1375bca732c456f8b2d7
SHA1 b6af35893a43f7daf3afcfc323c4be7edf23b694
SHA512 338d8dc39fa63cc9d7de62cce319a9063d48eb488cf18c9a72f0ba7257cbd2aab712309accf585adf6d46ccd3e6d20828110d355c7f8486ab2a729b146beed5e
SSDEEP 3072:RsXLLViObJLO9Dpqs4XzM9lOp7LCHI3lwQ4fVUxfhuC9+QoZ5G2F5QoQb:qLLViWJLO1zczM9lOpSHILcV8N9+Ay
TLSH
T1B4E629388A608555C03ED6BE320CBB4186BEEE81E384997A26074DD4DB235F54DDDF2B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/1256-1-0x0000000000740000-0x0000000000840000-memory.dmp

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memory/1256-2-0x0000000002260000-0x0000000002273000-memory.dmp

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memory/1256-14-0x0000000000400000-0x00000000004F7000-memory.dmp

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memory/3924-8-0x0000000000410000-0x0000000000425000-memory.dmp

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memory/3924-11-0x0000000000410000-0x0000000000425000-memory.dmp

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memory/3924-15-0x0000000000410000-0x0000000000425000-memory.dmp

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memory/3924-16-0x0000000000410000-0x0000000000425000-memory.dmp

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memory/3924-17-0x0000000000410000-0x0000000000425000-memory.dmp

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memory/5176-7-0x0000000000670000-0x0000000000770000-memory.dmp

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memory/5176-13-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E43000-memory.dmp

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memory/5176-12-0x0000000000400000-0x00000000004F7000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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