tofsee | 6753412bfc860d3bfa620afa8cf568e7bc27a003b04123fc520c9062e9de6c41

Analysis

max time kernel
150s
max time network
154s
platform
windows11-ltsc_2024_x64
resource
win11ltsc2024-20260709-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win11ltsc2024-20260709-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-ltsc_2024-x64systemwindows
submitted
05/09/2026, 12:36

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General

Target
2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 14.9MB
Sample260905-psx7dsvcle
SHA256 6753412bfc860d3bfa620afa8cf568e7bc27a003b04123fc520c9062e9de6c41
MD5 444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f
SHA1 378c2908cd6b9f6bf7c7d4e468018cb5cf595545
SHA512 4eb3890ecd1bb01288a3deb8eb742bf0a74cc15bb15bb98b00b465cbbf217f46430951cf880dbdc52b1170b9157e4862cfe4566bcbaf5d59eff8f12a28846021
SSDEEP 49152:mGEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEf:m
TLSH
T138F6016176FE9119F3F79E346AB667981A7BBDA3783481BD0110230A5D32EC18D91F23
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
6068	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\swfftxbn\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\swfftxbn\\uscdfbek.exe"	svchost.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 IoCs

pid	Process
1924	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
2348	uscdfbek.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 2348 set thread context of 1924	2348	uscdfbek.exe	104

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
5076	sc.exe
3924	sc.exe
5448	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
1560	cmd.exe
5456	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
2904	4512	WerFault.exe	88
864	2348	WerFault.exe	100

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	uscdfbek.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4512 wrote to memory of 1560	4512	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	89
PID 4512 wrote to memory of 5456	4512	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	91
PID 4512 wrote to memory of 3924	4512	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	93
PID 4512 wrote to memory of 5448	4512	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	96
PID 4512 wrote to memory of 5076	4512	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	98
PID 4512 wrote to memory of 6068	4512	2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	101
PID 2348 wrote to memory of 1924	2348	uscdfbek.exe	104
PID 2348 wrote to memory of 1924	2348	uscdfbek.exe	104

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4512
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\swfftxbn\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1560
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\uscdfbek.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\swfftxbn\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5456
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create swfftxbn binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\swfftxbn\uscdfbek.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3924
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description swfftxbn "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5448
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start swfftxbn
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5076
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:6068
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4512 -s 1092
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2904

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\swfftxbn\uscdfbek.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\swfftxbn\uscdfbek.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-04_444123d5d8198e0b8a15f5aeb82b4e9f_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_remcos_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:2348
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1924
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2348 -s 608
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:864

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 540 -p 4512 -ip 4512
1⤵
PID:4684

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 512 -p 2348 -ip 2348
1⤵
PID:4132

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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Downloads

uscdfbek.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\uscdfbek.exe
Size 14.5MB
SHA256 69fbe99e303df50c2a9c74e908fd4c6e50af45811eca36b1f3948d5c7a67ee43
MD5 8882182374081e4a5c82d0e6870ca861
SHA1 cc9d1ba02bdb27dc36d7c783a900e9fdb62bd52b
SHA512 abc86873307b673c78aaf969447a9cc943d2a4f02f8e5c0f23f0d471c653cfb9b9fde91618ef237abfcf6c9bb7dc2a5795a51660113fd5fe9daf62a30d1b23e6
SSDEEP 49152:eGEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE8:e
TLSH
T199E6016176FE9119F3F79E346AB667981A7BBDA3783481BD0110230A5D32EC18D91F23
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/1924-9-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E45000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-12-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E45000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-15-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E45000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-16-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E45000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-17-0x0000000000E30000-0x0000000000E45000-memory.dmp

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memory/2348-8-0x0000000000780000-0x0000000000793000-memory.dmp

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memory/2348-7-0x00000000007A0000-0x00000000008A0000-memory.dmp

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memory/2348-14-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000053C000-memory.dmp

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memory/4512-1-0x0000000000830000-0x0000000000930000-memory.dmp

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memory/4512-2-0x0000000000810000-0x0000000000823000-memory.dmp

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memory/4512-13-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000053C000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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