tofsee | a1a68a05d64124151e1aad7bebf4c042a051f9e9ace813c613641f0b558befad

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
149s
platform
windows11-ltsc_2024_x64
resource
win11ltsc2024-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win11ltsc2024-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-ltsc_2024-x64systemwindows
submitted
30/09/2026, 00:17

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General

Target
2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe
Size 13.8MB
Sample260930-ak232ssekb
SHA256 a1a68a05d64124151e1aad7bebf4c042a051f9e9ace813c613641f0b558befad
MD5 5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe
SHA1 f99f4721119441501b27750c88d4d1cc792248a4
SHA512 9a949c186fd2445317b5401e1da4d9f34dd604abaf947420d42678014d41f007f40d820aa68e52412fb63249c6109a342ebea99a5d80c6aad0d75047c146cbc1
SSDEEP 3072:kurXX+PBiSWHn9SBwcA/Z80HN1TFEGP8HOfwjQ6bdFor3Yz+HKa13jjjjjjjjjjX:dXVSOn9SBKh/TFEGBfw9vo7FHKa
TLSH
T1D8E6EA617BF2A045F7FBCA3666314958AB37FC6BF96AC31F20448A5B1C21681CD46B13
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Windows security bypass 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion trojan

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\SysWOW64\qmowhamf = "0"	svchost.exe

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
704	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\qmowhamf\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\qmowhamf\\pfbqldbj.exe"	svchost.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
4528	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
256	pfbqldbj.exe

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 256 set thread context of 4528	256	pfbqldbj.exe	101

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
3804	sc.exe
1272	sc.exe
5784	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
2572	cmd.exe
4356	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
3460	4604	WerFault.exe	87
2520	256	WerFault.exe	100

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	pfbqldbj.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4604 wrote to memory of 2572	4604	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe	89
PID 4604 wrote to memory of 4356	4604	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe	91
PID 4604 wrote to memory of 3804	4604	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe	93
PID 4604 wrote to memory of 1272	4604	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe	96
PID 4604 wrote to memory of 5784	4604	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe	98
PID 256 wrote to memory of 4528	256	pfbqldbj.exe	101
PID 256 wrote to memory of 4528	256	pfbqldbj.exe	101
PID 4604 wrote to memory of 704	4604	2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe	103

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4604
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\qmowhamf\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2572
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\pfbqldbj.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\qmowhamf\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4356
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create qmowhamf binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\qmowhamf\pfbqldbj.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3804
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description qmowhamf "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1272
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start qmowhamf
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5784
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:704
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4604 -s 1096
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:3460

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\qmowhamf\pfbqldbj.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\qmowhamf\pfbqldbj.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-29_5b30623b02d1dac5402df62630f0edbe_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:256
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Windows security bypass
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4528
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 256 -s 588
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2520

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 524 -p 4604 -ip 4604
1⤵
PID:4332

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 540 -p 256 -ip 256
1⤵
PID:2564

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

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Downloads

pfbqldbj.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\pfbqldbj.exe
Size 14.1MB
SHA256 6378f8b6a8178de95fa9da58af687df841d0a3ed4e328de89fd2762a8480f9ef
MD5 fc56f8981adcbe07756b6a34e142f93f
SHA1 187890d62ab919485727912e185f6423852a8a3d
SHA512 22bb283153dda8be8d2f30101d7fe8d9171f95e367a4eb5b2691f96bacfa82be5a26c1ad254856c73b023ffe60b8cf16f7d91a10bc5681b2f12e22cf8ba5b10c
SSDEEP 3072:YurXX+PBiSWHn9SBwcA/Z80HN1TFEGP8HOfwjQ6bdFor3Yz+HKa13jjjjjjjjjjX:xXVSOn9SBKh/TFEGBfw9vo7FHKa
TLSH
T165E6EA617BF2A045F7FBCA3666314958AB37FC6BF96AC31F20448A5B1C21681CD46B13
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/256-8-0x0000000001140000-0x0000000001153000-memory.dmp

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memory/256-7-0x0000000000960000-0x0000000000A60000-memory.dmp

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memory/256-14-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000070F000-memory.dmp

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memory/4528-12-0x0000000000600000-0x0000000000615000-memory.dmp

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memory/4528-9-0x0000000000600000-0x0000000000615000-memory.dmp

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memory/4528-15-0x0000000000600000-0x0000000000615000-memory.dmp

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memory/4528-16-0x0000000000600000-0x0000000000615000-memory.dmp

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memory/4528-17-0x0000000000600000-0x0000000000615000-memory.dmp

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memory/4604-2-0x0000000002470000-0x0000000002483000-memory.dmp

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memory/4604-1-0x0000000000900000-0x0000000000A00000-memory.dmp

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memory/4604-13-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000070F000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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