tofsee | 51ee40a24d5a051557faafa1b2dd8f1fd6ee28f38d4a502193e900bd8aa7668c

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
147s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
30/09/2026, 10:26

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General

Target
2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe
Size 241KB
Sample260930-mg2pbsce79
SHA256 51ee40a24d5a051557faafa1b2dd8f1fd6ee28f38d4a502193e900bd8aa7668c
MD5 73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e
SHA1 4152daa991d4e44da4fde8df5aa0e5b713585c3a
SHA512 bccf969741127f5174ab9e1813f7f92446851be8907e5eeaaf2eaa3e88af6c43426d962482aec3d0e73a84661ffaf59b7a9c68ca2d35959b7a72ab3175e412b3
SSDEEP 6144:Qe7EQenCWHHnuuUNlRltZBCzJEp7XHyrmt:Qe7EQedHnuuI5Tb
TLSH
T192349E107BE0C035F4B712BB5975D3B5A52DBDB1AB25C1CB62C52AEA9A346E0EC30743
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

defeatwax.ru
refabyd.info

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
4604	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\zlgmlnvv\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\zlgmlnvv\\ipnydyma.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-1696934516-3600988056-1840298893-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
4288	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
796	ipnydyma.exe

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 796 set thread context of 4288	796	ipnydyma.exe	110

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
2120	sc.exe
1648	sc.exe
748	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
4180	cmd.exe
2364	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
2228	460	WerFault.exe	86
4112	796	WerFault.exe	103

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	ipnydyma.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 460 wrote to memory of 4180	460	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe	90
PID 460 wrote to memory of 2364	460	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe	92
PID 460 wrote to memory of 748	460	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe	94
PID 460 wrote to memory of 2120	460	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe	98
PID 460 wrote to memory of 1648	460	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe	101
PID 460 wrote to memory of 4604	460	2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe	105
PID 796 wrote to memory of 4288	796	ipnydyma.exe	110
PID 796 wrote to memory of 4288	796	ipnydyma.exe	110

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:460
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\zlgmlnvv\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4180
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\ipnydyma.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\zlgmlnvv\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2364
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create zlgmlnvv binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\zlgmlnvv\ipnydyma.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:748
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description zlgmlnvv "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2120
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start zlgmlnvv
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1648
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4604
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 460 -s 656
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2228

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\zlgmlnvv\ipnydyma.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\zlgmlnvv\ipnydyma.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-09-30_73924e095cac183d3b49af705a75d17e_amadey_elex_karagany_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:796
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4288
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 796 -s 520
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4112

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 452 -p 460 -ip 460
1⤵
PID:2672

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 480 -p 796 -ip 796
1⤵
PID:4876

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

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Downloads

ipnydyma.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\ipnydyma.exe
Size 14.8MB
SHA256 26eb063e82435052c4df1dd9f566385fac4791b19fa90ad2ed3df39bbdb9bca1
MD5 a6b2c57a097c74141760e091a4b1c680
SHA1 2e351f46410df399917f31bcab1bf01c3804eb36
SHA512 81d1aa5d809654d72ed1b765d5a72d2677b35cb17330dc17793006e1d5469bece618369de027a38141ddbcb6d83bdc8f08348b0d260b3037d2acbe7515b27b3c
SSDEEP 6144:Je7EQenCWHHnuuUNlRltZBCzJEp7XHyrmt:Je7EQedHnuuI5Tb
TLSH
T15AF65A3525E349EEC43C44BC355CFF21F9FEEAF1AA6913A7086024EA6523043A56E51F
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/460-1-0x00000000009D0000-0x0000000000AD0000-memory.dmp

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memory/460-2-0x00000000008D0000-0x00000000008E3000-memory.dmp

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memory/460-14-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000086C000-memory.dmp

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memory/796-8-0x00000000009C0000-0x00000000009D3000-memory.dmp

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memory/796-7-0x0000000000A10000-0x0000000000B10000-memory.dmp

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memory/796-13-0x0000000000400000-0x000000000086C000-memory.dmp

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memory/4288-9-0x0000000000D40000-0x0000000000D55000-memory.dmp

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memory/4288-12-0x0000000000D40000-0x0000000000D55000-memory.dmp

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memory/4288-15-0x0000000000D40000-0x0000000000D55000-memory.dmp

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memory/4288-16-0x0000000000D40000-0x0000000000D55000-memory.dmp

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memory/4288-17-0x0000000000D40000-0x0000000000D55000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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