tofsee | b6b39b88f9a0b25a2738cbac1a695fa6778b0bd25d0c5d6666ffd015a6bd712a

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
150s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
09/10/2026, 01:06

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General

Target
2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe
Size 12.4MB
Sample261009-bghexaf17k
SHA256 b6b39b88f9a0b25a2738cbac1a695fa6778b0bd25d0c5d6666ffd015a6bd712a
MD5 d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d
SHA1 db3eb95ece2124c1f0593c33d41509704c56ddf0
SHA512 dacd9c607ded7fa9feb688f197f124dac64ca93f8381da31a51a3f631671be17f410e14a4f255b7a0d19a74b4beb3da676abfdb05b2647b787ead76d2998a498
SSDEEP 98304:addddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddB:
TLSH
T190D66B74E69CDD88E4472E30849A8EE4E77CFD85A850561331A43B4E39B7F0C52E52AF
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

niflheimr.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
3856	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\jkshcxsf\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\jkshcxsf\\bxkqnefr.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-240542094-4193773837-3211495583-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
1688	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
2348	bxkqnefr.exe

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 2348 set thread context of 1688	2348	bxkqnefr.exe	112

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
212	sc.exe
1360	sc.exe
2416	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
4364	cmd.exe
4156	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
1004	5052	WerFault.exe	86
4020	2348	WerFault.exe	105

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	bxkqnefr.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 5052 wrote to memory of 4364	5052	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	90
PID 5052 wrote to memory of 4156	5052	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	94
PID 5052 wrote to memory of 212	5052	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	96
PID 5052 wrote to memory of 1360	5052	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	100
PID 5052 wrote to memory of 2416	5052	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	103
PID 5052 wrote to memory of 3856	5052	2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	106
PID 2348 wrote to memory of 1688	2348	bxkqnefr.exe	112
PID 2348 wrote to memory of 1688	2348	bxkqnefr.exe	112

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:5052
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\jkshcxsf\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4364
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\bxkqnefr.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\jkshcxsf\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4156
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create jkshcxsf binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\jkshcxsf\bxkqnefr.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:212
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description jkshcxsf "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1360
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start jkshcxsf
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2416
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3856
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 5052 -s 1160
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:1004

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\jkshcxsf\bxkqnefr.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\jkshcxsf\bxkqnefr.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-08_d96f7b2d79032fd77b4a74c67006c34d_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:2348
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1688
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2348 -s 528
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4020

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 460 -p 5052 -ip 5052
1⤵
PID:1424

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 532 -p 2348 -ip 2348
1⤵
PID:4280

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

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Downloads

bxkqnefr.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\bxkqnefr.exe
Size 11.8MB
SHA256 f52497e7ed115801ff54d7b35a691d0222b4d587f2d6c6467726d3fdb339ea8f
MD5 e9e6a9f1b06c013acfe7c72bd11425e2
SHA1 0673ed8b8ea4fc6e54d9821cb5d19acb2b777216
SHA512 e4ebb3bd7a94415855f9d7f6c05526e6f2fd0ff0e5191215b70b5c9e85ee61c863f5e2e71864568457e5a70840de4a0a8ef587c55aafae9d8ae996ca11b06be2
SSDEEP 98304:EddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddD:
TLSH
T1A1C66B74E69CDD88E4472E30849A8EE4E77CFD85A850561331A43B4E39B7F0C52E52AF
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/1688-14-0x00000000009A0000-0x00000000009B5000-memory.dmp

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memory/1688-16-0x00000000009A0000-0x00000000009B5000-memory.dmp

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memory/1688-17-0x00000000009A0000-0x00000000009B5000-memory.dmp

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memory/2348-8-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000496000-memory.dmp

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memory/2348-13-0x0000000000620000-0x0000000000720000-memory.dmp

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memory/2348-19-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000496000-memory.dmp

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memory/5052-0-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000496000-memory.dmp

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memory/5052-2-0x0000000000700000-0x0000000000800000-memory.dmp

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memory/5052-3-0x0000000000510000-0x0000000000523000-memory.dmp

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memory/5052-10-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000496000-memory.dmp

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memory/5052-11-0x0000000000510000-0x0000000000523000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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