tofsee | 358076cccd6d38864ad5290ff520f5cdeffde6afc9919f6c7608f842c25dd078

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
151s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
03/11/2026, 15:54

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General

Target
2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Size 12.0MB
Sample261103-tcb2faae72
SHA256 358076cccd6d38864ad5290ff520f5cdeffde6afc9919f6c7608f842c25dd078
MD5 0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779
SHA1 c65b047b1b29058a8424363aaeac8840a45a6f60
SHA512 7077db97160e646b023909e50e81dbeb6546af3452f1a48231cadc28284b06d866eeb2a582a24c7e721e540d3e02c6df4f12505060485105878c3e6e25e79c66
SSDEEP 49152:o9iqsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssE:ui
TLSH
T13FD63980AAF5795BE7F75A74593DAB895E7BFC837830824E1140B20F2C32291896D773
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

quadoil.ru
lakeflex.ru

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
4876	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\cwhybhcv\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\cwhybhcv\\rkfrvkv.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-939655444-3071939294-1401108526-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
4904	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
2220	rkfrvkv.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 2220 set thread context of 4904	2220	rkfrvkv.exe	101

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
4792	sc.exe
2140	sc.exe
1048	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
2736	cmd.exe
4528	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
1556	2220	WerFault.exe	97
4868	3868	WerFault.exe	85

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	rkfrvkv.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 3868 wrote to memory of 2736	3868	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	86
PID 3868 wrote to memory of 4528	3868	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	88
PID 3868 wrote to memory of 4792	3868	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	90
PID 3868 wrote to memory of 2140	3868	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	92
PID 3868 wrote to memory of 1048	3868	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	95
PID 3868 wrote to memory of 4876	3868	2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe	98
PID 2220 wrote to memory of 4904	2220	rkfrvkv.exe	101
PID 2220 wrote to memory of 4904	2220	rkfrvkv.exe	101

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:3868
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cwhybhcv\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2736
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\rkfrvkv.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cwhybhcv\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4528
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create cwhybhcv binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cwhybhcv\rkfrvkv.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4792
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description cwhybhcv "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2140
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start cwhybhcv
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1048
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4876
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 3868 -s 1028
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:4868

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cwhybhcv\rkfrvkv.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cwhybhcv\rkfrvkv.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-11-02_0d1684021c51c8a93d4292dfd9da0779_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:2220
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4904
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 2220 -s 512
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:1556

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 464 -p 2220 -ip 2220
1⤵
PID:408

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 496 -p 3868 -ip 3868
1⤵
PID:452

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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Downloads

rkfrvkv.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\rkfrvkv.exe
Size 13.4MB
SHA256 9b59a960dd0aefa7bd1952a34644aa985d645d6467f7efb8be4d736b8e7d4d9c
MD5 86dc4a7225d0ecd2cf82e6eef69c0ee4
SHA1 a14507dbb3f2b155adcf3b125f6fd7ca77ba340b
SHA512 e4705320fcba3dfec880e146e33e218f86f73df12c19e7c7789d6e892d499f58abb11e285cd9cba2137b42edff02f880f4439781ce83117a483bc8081470e54c
SSDEEP 49152:G9iqsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss0:Ei
TLSH
T121E63980AAF5795BE7F75A74593DAB895E7BFC837830824E1140B20F2C32291896D773
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/2220-7-0x0000000000770000-0x0000000000783000-memory.dmp

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memory/2220-6-0x0000000000760000-0x000000000076D000-memory.dmp

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memory/2220-12-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000434000-memory.dmp

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memory/3868-0-0x0000000000540000-0x000000000054D000-memory.dmp

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memory/3868-1-0x0000000002040000-0x0000000002053000-memory.dmp

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memory/3868-13-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000434000-memory.dmp

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memory/4904-8-0x0000000001260000-0x0000000001275000-memory.dmp

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memory/4904-11-0x0000000001260000-0x0000000001275000-memory.dmp

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memory/4904-14-0x0000000001260000-0x0000000001275000-memory.dmp

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memory/4904-15-0x0000000001260000-0x0000000001275000-memory.dmp

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memory/4904-16-0x0000000001260000-0x0000000001275000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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