tofsee | f560dc820d2a766cf9ccfb8192de833740c8b39f2f4935fcb6e0889fabece731

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
150s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
06/10/2026, 13:21

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General

Target
2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe
Size 10.4MB
Sample261006-ql155sfa86
SHA256 f560dc820d2a766cf9ccfb8192de833740c8b39f2f4935fcb6e0889fabece731
MD5 55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7
SHA1 75df54f05e2f0132e824bf023ecbeaa554d2c701
SHA512 a6096c74fc70d2e6645484a6ed80d9a38f2d1caf37bc2d4178c3643ccf5f13b75fb74c843e7d91aa06226949ae7d4c14a6414fc029f9ecad7bf25667fb3b006e
SSDEEP 6144:oHjBpYqdviTbDwkFyXapKagxexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexeS:k3Yqd6B5wG
TLSH
T125B6447392E13C44F6768E319E2F86E8361EFD919F1567EB12087A0B14711ADC1E2B1E
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

nidavellir.top
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
1816	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\cdskskgw\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\cdskskgw\\cxgepwfb.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-681733028-2344970462-962213935-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
5260	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
1944	cxgepwfb.exe

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 1944 set thread context of 5260	1944	cxgepwfb.exe	108

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
4980	sc.exe
2900	sc.exe
6004	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
1704	cmd.exe
4160	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
5672	1788	WerFault.exe	83
5140	1944	WerFault.exe	101

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cxgepwfb.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 1788 wrote to memory of 4160	1788	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	87
PID 1788 wrote to memory of 1704	1788	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	89
PID 1788 wrote to memory of 4980	1788	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	92
PID 1788 wrote to memory of 2900	1788	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	95
PID 1788 wrote to memory of 6004	1788	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	99
PID 1788 wrote to memory of 1816	1788	2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe	102
PID 1944 wrote to memory of 5260	1944	cxgepwfb.exe	108
PID 1944 wrote to memory of 5260	1944	cxgepwfb.exe	108

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:1788
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cdskskgw\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4160
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\cxgepwfb.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cdskskgw\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1704
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create cdskskgw binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cdskskgw\cxgepwfb.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4980
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description cdskskgw "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:2900
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start cdskskgw
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:6004
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1816
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 1788 -s 648
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:5672

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cdskskgw\cxgepwfb.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cdskskgw\cxgepwfb.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-06_55157c32b76e2dc22482b4e07cf7afb7_amadey_elex_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_tofsee.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:1944
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5260
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 1944 -s 520
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:5140

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 420 -p 1788 -ip 1788
1⤵
PID:6100

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 404 -p 1944 -ip 1944
1⤵
PID:6088

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

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Downloads

cxgepwfb.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\cxgepwfb.exe
Size 12.2MB
SHA256 1b56d82425ea02fa9e0098cc4961575ee357dfd0957565dd63a023784a2ad011
MD5 e771342d7ef90b3312fcb927c6c5115b
SHA1 f82e7c3040848f611c37a5ff4e940c89ee360b43
SHA512 d0f310222a0fa8291be0f620e999358ced7135ca611d62656bbf3e51f95513e23e4069cde96e4ed96e509983a035f2e39ab9b74d0b1098401033282126971917
SSDEEP 6144:nHjBpYqdviTbDwkFyXapKagxexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexeL:D3Yqd6B5wn
TLSH
T195D6447392E13C44F6768E319E2F86E8361EFD919F1567EB12087A0B14711ADC1E2B1E
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/1788-0-0x0000000000400000-0x00000000004AF000-memory.dmp

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memory/1788-2-0x0000000000550000-0x0000000000650000-memory.dmp

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memory/1788-3-0x0000000000530000-0x0000000000543000-memory.dmp

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memory/1788-13-0x0000000000400000-0x00000000004AF000-memory.dmp

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memory/1944-8-0x0000000000400000-0x00000000004AF000-memory.dmp

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memory/1944-11-0x0000000000600000-0x0000000000613000-memory.dmp

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memory/1944-10-0x0000000000710000-0x0000000000810000-memory.dmp

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memory/1944-17-0x0000000000400000-0x00000000004AF000-memory.dmp

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memory/5260-14-0x0000000000710000-0x0000000000725000-memory.dmp

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memory/5260-18-0x0000000000710000-0x0000000000725000-memory.dmp

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memory/5260-19-0x0000000000710000-0x0000000000725000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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