tofsee | d802c4936f0a8c092ec92a2f40d9c6746a07f0cf4affda21605fecef924888e5

Analysis

max time kernel
149s
max time network
145s
platform
windows10-2004_x64
resource
win10v2004-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
submitted
24/10/2026, 03:38

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General

Target
2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe
Size 14.1MB
Sample261024-d64esastbs
SHA256 d802c4936f0a8c092ec92a2f40d9c6746a07f0cf4affda21605fecef924888e5
MD5 98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5
SHA1 0b688804d7340252f1464ade2ab82bf518c2a3f3
SHA512 4a042e7a6965bf32aca6b846178342733cc3f5c2f76719749a3167fe6e6b8024666c184c84d35e4b87d013753600d9b1a5409f0ebb716a7578b79cde4899fede
SSDEEP 3072:Q05Xaz5ADFeLcYUL0raX1cmS7d/zCpmHbj9nGezTWJPUKX5hzT4SNN4SNN4SNN48:QEM6YUL02lcmErCYGezTYdD
TLSH
T118E65B2255B62570C87D417D3B0C774C2AEFF7F2B2E4A2BA9129A5C40813B8D55C6E3B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
4260	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\lumwrduh\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\lumwrduh\\dpfsgfxb.exe"	svchost.exe

Checks computer location settings 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

Looks up country code configured in the registry, likely geofence.

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

description	ioc	Process
Key value queried	\REGISTRY\USER\S-1-5-21-895009113-1202185046-1686627690-1000\Control Panel\International\Geo\Nation	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
1924	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
4104	dpfsgfxb.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4104 set thread context of 1924	4104	dpfsgfxb.exe	100

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
3992	sc.exe
660	sc.exe
876	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
3400	cmd.exe
1384	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
2620	4380	WerFault.exe	87
908	4104	WerFault.exe	98

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	dpfsgfxb.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4380 wrote to memory of 1384	4380	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	88
PID 4380 wrote to memory of 3400	4380	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	90
PID 4380 wrote to memory of 660	4380	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	92
PID 4380 wrote to memory of 876	4380	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	94
PID 4380 wrote to memory of 3992	4380	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	96
PID 4104 wrote to memory of 1924	4104	dpfsgfxb.exe	100
PID 4104 wrote to memory of 1924	4104	dpfsgfxb.exe	100
PID 4380 wrote to memory of 4260	4380	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	101

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe"
1⤵
- Checks computer location settings
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4380
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\lumwrduh\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1384
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\dpfsgfxb.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\lumwrduh\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3400
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create lumwrduh binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\lumwrduh\dpfsgfxb.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:660
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description lumwrduh "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:876
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start lumwrduh
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:3992
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4260
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4380 -s 676
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:2620

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\lumwrduh\dpfsgfxb.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\lumwrduh\dpfsgfxb.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4104
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:1924
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4104 -s 560
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:908

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 456 -p 4380 -ip 4380
1⤵
PID:1684

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 436 -p 4104 -ip 4104
1⤵
PID:3284

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

Query Registry

T1012

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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Downloads

dpfsgfxb.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\dpfsgfxb.exe
Size 12.2MB
SHA256 f9cd405571a37914bf44d045731316156eef690601e1d71c5ec7b86a2a98a4ba
MD5 e3ab6d98708a0b5be59d12939b551519
SHA1 500c1824c94a588532fe53e9725e741b19891a1a
SHA512 7ab083f0300be3ea322c214101dd130f42a88fbf0ec595f56c98f572409542509da0f261dc92c0ec85a997387e0f1a31d1040d905e9c3693e8d51a1571398cc6
SSDEEP 3072:X05Xaz5ADFeLcYUL0raX1cmS7d/zCpmHbj9nGezTWJPUKX5hzT4SNN4SNN4SNN40:XEM6YUL02lcmErCYGezTYdD
TLSH
T1D5D65B2255B62570C87D417D3B0C774C2AEFF7F2B2E4A2BA9129A5C40813B8D55C6E3B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/1924-10-0x0000000000790000-0x00000000007A5000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-13-0x0000000000880000-0x000000000088E000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-15-0x0000000000790000-0x00000000007A5000-memory.dmp

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memory/1924-16-0x0000000000790000-0x00000000007A5000-memory.dmp

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memory/4104-9-0x0000000000880000-0x0000000000893000-memory.dmp

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memory/4104-8-0x0000000000780000-0x0000000000880000-memory.dmp

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memory/4104-17-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000702000-memory.dmp

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memory/4380-1-0x00000000008B0000-0x00000000009B0000-memory.dmp

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memory/4380-2-0x0000000000860000-0x0000000000873000-memory.dmp

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memory/4380-14-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000702000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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