tofsee | d802c4936f0a8c092ec92a2f40d9c6746a07f0cf4affda21605fecef924888e5

Analysis

max time kernel
148s
max time network
149s
platform
windows11-ltsc_2024_x64
resource
win11ltsc2024-20260911-en
resource tags

arch:x64arch:x86image:win11ltsc2024-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-ltsc_2024-x64systemwindows
submitted
24/10/2026, 03:38

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General

Target
2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe
Size 14.1MB
Sample261024-d64esastbs
SHA256 d802c4936f0a8c092ec92a2f40d9c6746a07f0cf4affda21605fecef924888e5
MD5 98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5
SHA1 0b688804d7340252f1464ade2ab82bf518c2a3f3
SHA512 4a042e7a6965bf32aca6b846178342733cc3f5c2f76719749a3167fe6e6b8024666c184c84d35e4b87d013753600d9b1a5409f0ebb716a7578b79cde4899fede
SSDEEP 3072:Q05Xaz5ADFeLcYUL0raX1cmS7d/zCpmHbj9nGezTWJPUKX5hzT4SNN4SNN4SNN48:QEM6YUL02lcmErCYGezTYdD
TLSH
T118E65B2255B62570C87D417D3B0C774C2AEFF7F2B2E4A2BA9129A5C40813B8D55C6E3B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Score

10^/10

defense_evasion discovery execution tofsee persistence privilege_escalation trojan

Malware Config

Extracted

Family

tofsee

vanaheim.cn
jotunheim.name

Signatures

Family: Tofsee
Backdoor/botnet which carries out malicious activities based on commands from a C2 server.
trojan tofsee

Windows security bypass 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion trojan

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Modify Registry

T1112

description	ioc	Process
Set value (int)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths\C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tsrxuxe = "0"	svchost.exe

Modifies Windows Firewall 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

Windows Service

T1543.003

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

pid	Process
252	netsh.exe

Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 1 IoCs

This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

persistence

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Modify Registry

T1112

Windows Service

T1543.003

description	ioc	Process
Set value (str)	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\tsrxuxe\ImagePath = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\tsrxuxe\\vcbowwei.exe"	svchost.exe

Creates new service(s) 2 TTPs
persistence execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Service Execution
T1569.002

Deletes itself 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

defense_evasion

File Deletion

T1070.004

pid	Process
4892	svchost.exe

Executes dropped EXE 1 IoCs

pid	Process
4560	vcbowwei.exe

Stops running service(s) 4 TTPs
defense_evasion execution

Windows Service
T1543.003

Impair Defenses
T1562

Service Stop
T1489

Service Execution
T1569.002

Suspicious use of SetThreadContext 1 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 4560 set thread context of 4892	4560	vcbowwei.exe	101

Launches sc.exe 3 IoCs

Sc.exe is a Windows utlilty to control services on the system.

pid	Process
4172	sc.exe
5808	sc.exe
596	sc.exe

Enumerates physical storage devices 1 TTPs
Attempts to interact with connected storage/optical drive(s).

System Information Discovery
T1082

Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL 1 TTPs 3 IoCs

Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system.

persistence privilege_escalation

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

description	ioc	Process
Key queried	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key value enumerated	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\NetSh	netsh.exe

Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

execution

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

pid	Process
4704	cmd.exe
4100	cmd.exe

Program crash 2 IoCs

pid	pid_target	Process	procid_target
908	4560	WerFault.exe	100
5552	5248	WerFault.exe	88

System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 9 IoCs

Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

discovery

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

description	ioc	Process
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	netsh.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	svchost.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	cmd.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	sc.exe
Key opened	\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\NLS\Language	vcbowwei.exe

Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 8 IoCs

description	pid	Process	procid_target
PID 5248 wrote to memory of 4100	5248	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	89
PID 5248 wrote to memory of 4704	5248	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	91
PID 5248 wrote to memory of 4172	5248	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	93
PID 5248 wrote to memory of 5808	5248	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	95
PID 5248 wrote to memory of 596	5248	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	98
PID 4560 wrote to memory of 4892	4560	vcbowwei.exe	101
PID 4560 wrote to memory of 4892	4560	vcbowwei.exe	101
PID 5248 wrote to memory of 252	5248	2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe	102

C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe
"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe"
1⤵
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:5248
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C mkdir C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tsrxuxe\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4100
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /C move /Y "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\vcbowwei.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tsrxuxe\
  2⤵
  - Executes a command shell one-liner
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4704
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" create tsrxuxe binPath= "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tsrxuxe\vcbowwei.exe /d\"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe\"" type= own start= auto DisplayName= "wifi support"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4172
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" description tsrxuxe "wifi internet conection"
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:5808
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sc.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\sc.exe" start tsrxuxe
  2⤵
  - Launches sc.exe
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:596
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\netsh.exe
  "C:\Windows\System32\netsh.exe" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Host-process for services of Windows" dir=in action=allow program="C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe" enable=yes>nul
  2⤵
  - Modifies Windows Firewall
  - Event Triggered Execution: Netsh Helper DLL
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:252
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 5248 -s 1088
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:5552

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tsrxuxe\vcbowwei.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tsrxuxe\vcbowwei.exe /d"C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\2026-10-22_98bfb98a3e372240763a6f0caa0f72f5_amadey_elex_redline-stealer_rhadamanthys_smoke-loader_stealc_stop.exe"
1⤵
- Executes dropped EXE
- Suspicious use of SetThreadContext
- System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
- Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
PID:4560
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\svchost.exe
  svchost.exe
  2⤵
  - Windows security bypass
  - Sets service image path in registry
  - Deletes itself
  - System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
  PID:4892
- C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -u -p 4560 -s 624
  2⤵
  - Program crash
  PID:908

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 516 -p 4560 -ip 4560
1⤵
PID:3872

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe -pss -s 576 -p 5248 -ip 5248
1⤵
PID:696

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Command and Scripting Interpreter

T1059

Windows Command Shell

T1059.003

System Services

T1569

Service Execution

T1569.002

Persistence

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Privilege Escalation

Boot or Logon Autostart Execution

T1547

Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

T1547.001

Create or Modify System Process

T1543

Windows Service

T1543.003

Event Triggered Execution

T1546

Netsh Helper DLL

T1546.007

Defense Evasion

Impair Defenses

T1562

Disable or Modify System Firewall

T1562.004

Disable or Modify Tools

T1562.001

Indicator Removal

T1070

File Deletion

T1070.004

Modify Registry

T1112

Credential Access

Discovery

System Information Discovery

T1082

System Location Discovery

T1614

System Language Discovery

T1614.001

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Service Stop

T1489

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Downloads

vcbowwei.exe

Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\vcbowwei.exe
Size 11.9MB
SHA256 51ec504623835e20369d52e5c54ff5792bc80321256fc3c61db282c46e71e0b1
MD5 6808a0916b43279dfcd97c5c0c79ae85
SHA1 273604260ac0cbaff2a4d45ec530af42b7de5ef6
SHA512 8ff125112be28d5aaba6081dd86153de1c6e69497021861ba8146f69d34363e2531059de81675c2e661747c12f0a55a777811f567e99c60e7b40b13b4d749cca
SSDEEP 3072:z05Xaz5ADFeLcYUL0raX1cmS7d/zCpmHbj9nGezTWJPUKX5hzT4SNN4SNN4SNN4M:zEM6YUL02lcmErCYGezTYdD
TLSH
T14AC65B2255B62570C87D417D3B0C774C2AEFF7F2B2E4A2BA9129A5C40813B8D55C6E3B
MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

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memory/4560-16-0x00000000008F0000-0x00000000009F0000-memory.dmp

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memory/4560-9-0x00000000008B0000-0x00000000008C3000-memory.dmp

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memory/4560-8-0x00000000008F0000-0x00000000009F0000-memory.dmp

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memory/4560-17-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000702000-memory.dmp

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memory/4892-10-0x0000000000470000-0x0000000000485000-memory.dmp

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memory/4892-13-0x0000000000470000-0x0000000000485000-memory.dmp

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memory/4892-19-0x0000000000470000-0x0000000000485000-memory.dmp

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memory/4892-20-0x0000000000470000-0x0000000000485000-memory.dmp

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memory/4892-21-0x0000000000470000-0x0000000000485000-memory.dmp

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memory/5248-2-0x00000000024C0000-0x00000000024D3000-memory.dmp

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memory/5248-14-0x0000000000AA0000-0x0000000000BA0000-memory.dmp

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memory/5248-15-0x0000000000400000-0x0000000000702000-memory.dmp

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memory/5248-1-0x0000000000AA0000-0x0000000000BA0000-memory.dmp

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Analysis

Sharing

General

Malware Config

Extracted

Signatures

Processes

Network

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

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